Започвам тази тема като продължение на Нюрнбергската (http://www.boinaslava.net/forum/view...?p=89927#89927), а именно с последното изречение на Gollum
1.
Who finances the Tribunal? Who runs it?
According to Article 16 of the Tribunal's own statutes, the Prosecutor "shall act independently as a separate organ of the Tribunal and shall not seek or receive
instruction from any government or any other source" (author's emphasis). According to Article 32, the expenses of the Tribunal shall be borne by the regular budget of the United Nations.
Both of these provisions have been openly and continuously violated.
The Tribunal itself has openly referred to its particularly close ties to the American government. In her remarks to the United States Supreme Court in Washington, DC on April 5, 1999 Judge Gabrielle Kirk McDonald, a US citizen who was then President of the Tribunal said:
"We benefited from the strong support of concerned governments and dedicated individuals such as Secretary Albright. As the permanent representative to the United Nations, she had worked with unceasing resolve to establish the Tribunal. Indeed, we often refer to her as the 'mother of the Tribunal'."
If Madeleine Albright was the mother, Bill Clinton was the father. Louise Arbour confirmed this when she reported the decision to indict Milosevic to the President of the United States two days before she announced it to the rest of the world, in blatant violation of her duty to remain independent.
Arbour also made several public appearances with US officials, including Madeleine Albright, and both Arbour and Albright stated publicly that they rely on NATO governments for investigations. These governments were and are interested in undermining the government of Yugoslavia.
In 1996, the prosecutor met with the Secretary-General of NATO and the Supreme Allied Commander in Europe to "establish contacts and begin discussing
modalities of cooperation and Assistance". On May 9, 1996 a memorandum of understanding between the Office of the Prosecutor and Supreme Headquarters
Allied Powers Europe (SHAPE) was signed by both parties. The President of the Tribunal also met with US General Wesley Clarke, who commanded the NATO war against Yugoslavia in 1999.
The memorandum of May 9 defined the practical arrangements for support to the Tribunal and the transfer of indicted persons to the Tribunal. In other words, NATO forces - not UN forces - became the gendarmes of the Tribunal, and the Tribunal put itself at the disposal of NATO. This relationship has continued although the statute of the Tribunal requires it to be independent of any national government and, by implication, of any group of national governments.
The Tribunal has received substantial funds from individual States, private foundations and corporations in violation of Article 32 of its Charter. A large share of these funds has come from the US government directly in the form of cash and computer equipment. In the last year for which public figures are available, 1994/95, the United States provided USD 700,000 in cash and USD 2,300,000 worth of equipment.
In the same year, USD 150,000 was provided by the Open Society Institute, a foundation established by billionaire financier George Soros to bring "openness" to former socialist countries in Eastern Europe. The Rockefeller Foundation contributed USD 50,000 and other donations have been supplied by corporations such as Time-Warner and Discovery Products, both US corporations.
It should also be noted that Mr. Soros' foundation donates funds not only to the Tribunal, but also to the main KLA newspaper in Pristina, an obvious conflict of interest that is not normally reported in the Western press.
The Tribunal also receives money from the Outreach Project of the United States Institute for Peace. This project is a public relations arm of the Tribunal that was set up to counter criticism in the former Yugoslav republics. Criticism often points to the Tribunal's selective prosecution and double standards, and is never answered by anyone at the Tribunal or by any of its sponsors.
The Institute for Peace is stated to be " an independent, non-partisan federal institution created and funded by Congress to strengthen the nation's capacity to promote the peaceful resolution of international conflict." Established in 1984 under Ronald Reagan, its Board of Directors is appointed by the President of the United States.
The Tribunal also receives support from the Coalition For International Justice, another PR organization. The CIJ was founded and is funded by George Soros' Open Society Institute and an organization called CEELI, the Central and East European Law Institute, which was created by the American Bar Association and lawyers close to the US government in order to promote the replacement of socialist legal systems with "free-market" systems.
The above groups also have supplied many of the legal staff of the Tribunal. In her speech to the Supreme Court, Judge McDonald said, "The Tribunal has been well
served by the tremendous work of a number of lawyers who have come to the Tribunal through the CIJ and CEELI..."
It should also be noted that the occasion of Judge McDonalds speech was her acceptance of an award from the American Bar Association and CEELI. In the same speech she also said," We are now seeking funding from states and foundations to carry out this critical effort."
Tribunal prosecutor Carla Del Ponte has thanked the director of the FBI for its assistance, stating "I am very appreciative of the important support that the US government has provided the Tribunal. I look forward to their continued support."
On September 29th, 1999, in response to a question as to whether the Tribunal would be investigating crimes committed in Kosovo after June 10, or crimes committed by others - meaning NATO - in the Yugoslav theatre of operations, Del Ponte said "The primary focus of the Office of the Prosecutor must be on the investigation and prosecution of the five leaders of the FRY and Serbia who have already been indicted."
No further explanation was provided. If the Tribunal is impartial in accordance with its statute, shouldn't it also focus on the NATO war crimes for which Clinton, Blair, Schroeder, Chirac, and 63 other Western leaders are responsible?
Equally important, why was it necessary to continue investigations that support the indictments against the leaders of the government and military of Yugoslavia? The Indictments had already been issued. Were they not based on sufficient evidence? Or was there no evidence at all?
Special rules of evidence, no laymen
In virtually all Western countries, hearsay evidence - which means evidence that is not first-hand - is either inadmissible in a court of law or is considered to be virtually without value.
But the Tribunal has set aside this tradition and relies heavily on hearsay evidence.
There is no jury or any other participation by laymen. Witnesses can testify anonymously, or can refuse to appear in court. In its yearbook for 1994, the Tribunal stated that "The Tribunal does not need to shackle itself with restrictive rules which have developed out of the ancient trial-by-jury system."
The Tribunal's rules allow for closed hearings in circumstances which are vaguely defined, as well as secret trials, which are the essence of injustice and of political
courts.
The Tribunal is increasing its use of sealed indictments, so that no one knows if they have been charged until the military police arrest them.
Suspects, i.e. persons who are not indicted, can be detained for up to 90 days without charge. All that is needed is a statement by the Tribunal that the person in question is suspected. No evidence is required.
One of the Tribunal's most dangerous rules is Rule 92, which states that confessions shall be presumed to be free and voluntary unless the contrary is established - by the prisoner. After 90 days at the mercy of military police and prosecutors, the prisoner has to prove possible coercion.
Almost every other court in the world presumes the opposite. Many courts are currently moving to entirely prohibit the use of confessions made in police custody, because such confessions are notoriously unreliable.
There is even a special provision for obtaining evidence from NGO's (Non-Governmental Organizations) such as George Soros' Open Society Foundation, whose conflict of interest is described below.
On paper, accused have the right to choose counsel, but in reality that right is infringed by the Registrar, who can disqualify counsel for all sorts of reasons, including being unfriendly to the Tribunal.
In some cases, the Registrar of the Tribunal has barred lawyers from particular countries because the Tribunal considers that too many of them already represent accused persons. Lawyers have been subject to large fines for contempt.
No citizen of any country in the world would consider him/herself fairly tried before a court that was paid for, staffed and assisted by private citizens or corporations
who had a direct stake in the outcome of the trial and who were, themselves, in practical terms, immune from the court.
It is a well-established principle of law that a party in a legal action, whether civil or criminal, is entitled to ask for the removal of any judge sitting on the case when there exists a reasonable apprehension of bias. In the case of the Tribunal, a compelling argument can be made that the bias is not only apprehended, but is real.
It is not only the individual judge who is biased. It is the entire Tribunal, which is not a judicial body worthy of international respect but a kangaroo court established for political purposes.
As a political instrument the Tribunal is designed to violate and destroy the integrity and sovereignty of a country. The creation of the Tribunal is a crime against peace under the Nuremberg Principles. Instead of resolving conflict, the Tribunal is used to justify conflict, Instead of creating peace, it is used to justify war and therefore is an instrument of war.
2. Какво става с чичко Садам ? Какво смятат да правят с него и колко от така наречените "оръжия за масово поразяване" са открити до момента.Нима вече ги мързи да ни замазват очите поне с фабрикати ?
А спроде мен съдът в Хага е достатъчно легитимен
Who finances the Tribunal? Who runs it?
According to Article 16 of the Tribunal's own statutes, the Prosecutor "shall act independently as a separate organ of the Tribunal and shall not seek or receive
instruction from any government or any other source" (author's emphasis). According to Article 32, the expenses of the Tribunal shall be borne by the regular budget of the United Nations.
Both of these provisions have been openly and continuously violated.
The Tribunal itself has openly referred to its particularly close ties to the American government. In her remarks to the United States Supreme Court in Washington, DC on April 5, 1999 Judge Gabrielle Kirk McDonald, a US citizen who was then President of the Tribunal said:
"We benefited from the strong support of concerned governments and dedicated individuals such as Secretary Albright. As the permanent representative to the United Nations, she had worked with unceasing resolve to establish the Tribunal. Indeed, we often refer to her as the 'mother of the Tribunal'."
If Madeleine Albright was the mother, Bill Clinton was the father. Louise Arbour confirmed this when she reported the decision to indict Milosevic to the President of the United States two days before she announced it to the rest of the world, in blatant violation of her duty to remain independent.
Arbour also made several public appearances with US officials, including Madeleine Albright, and both Arbour and Albright stated publicly that they rely on NATO governments for investigations. These governments were and are interested in undermining the government of Yugoslavia.
In 1996, the prosecutor met with the Secretary-General of NATO and the Supreme Allied Commander in Europe to "establish contacts and begin discussing
modalities of cooperation and Assistance". On May 9, 1996 a memorandum of understanding between the Office of the Prosecutor and Supreme Headquarters
Allied Powers Europe (SHAPE) was signed by both parties. The President of the Tribunal also met with US General Wesley Clarke, who commanded the NATO war against Yugoslavia in 1999.
The memorandum of May 9 defined the practical arrangements for support to the Tribunal and the transfer of indicted persons to the Tribunal. In other words, NATO forces - not UN forces - became the gendarmes of the Tribunal, and the Tribunal put itself at the disposal of NATO. This relationship has continued although the statute of the Tribunal requires it to be independent of any national government and, by implication, of any group of national governments.
The Tribunal has received substantial funds from individual States, private foundations and corporations in violation of Article 32 of its Charter. A large share of these funds has come from the US government directly in the form of cash and computer equipment. In the last year for which public figures are available, 1994/95, the United States provided USD 700,000 in cash and USD 2,300,000 worth of equipment.
In the same year, USD 150,000 was provided by the Open Society Institute, a foundation established by billionaire financier George Soros to bring "openness" to former socialist countries in Eastern Europe. The Rockefeller Foundation contributed USD 50,000 and other donations have been supplied by corporations such as Time-Warner and Discovery Products, both US corporations.
It should also be noted that Mr. Soros' foundation donates funds not only to the Tribunal, but also to the main KLA newspaper in Pristina, an obvious conflict of interest that is not normally reported in the Western press.
The Tribunal also receives money from the Outreach Project of the United States Institute for Peace. This project is a public relations arm of the Tribunal that was set up to counter criticism in the former Yugoslav republics. Criticism often points to the Tribunal's selective prosecution and double standards, and is never answered by anyone at the Tribunal or by any of its sponsors.
The Institute for Peace is stated to be " an independent, non-partisan federal institution created and funded by Congress to strengthen the nation's capacity to promote the peaceful resolution of international conflict." Established in 1984 under Ronald Reagan, its Board of Directors is appointed by the President of the United States.
The Tribunal also receives support from the Coalition For International Justice, another PR organization. The CIJ was founded and is funded by George Soros' Open Society Institute and an organization called CEELI, the Central and East European Law Institute, which was created by the American Bar Association and lawyers close to the US government in order to promote the replacement of socialist legal systems with "free-market" systems.
The above groups also have supplied many of the legal staff of the Tribunal. In her speech to the Supreme Court, Judge McDonald said, "The Tribunal has been well
served by the tremendous work of a number of lawyers who have come to the Tribunal through the CIJ and CEELI..."
It should also be noted that the occasion of Judge McDonalds speech was her acceptance of an award from the American Bar Association and CEELI. In the same speech she also said," We are now seeking funding from states and foundations to carry out this critical effort."
Tribunal prosecutor Carla Del Ponte has thanked the director of the FBI for its assistance, stating "I am very appreciative of the important support that the US government has provided the Tribunal. I look forward to their continued support."
On September 29th, 1999, in response to a question as to whether the Tribunal would be investigating crimes committed in Kosovo after June 10, or crimes committed by others - meaning NATO - in the Yugoslav theatre of operations, Del Ponte said "The primary focus of the Office of the Prosecutor must be on the investigation and prosecution of the five leaders of the FRY and Serbia who have already been indicted."
No further explanation was provided. If the Tribunal is impartial in accordance with its statute, shouldn't it also focus on the NATO war crimes for which Clinton, Blair, Schroeder, Chirac, and 63 other Western leaders are responsible?
Equally important, why was it necessary to continue investigations that support the indictments against the leaders of the government and military of Yugoslavia? The Indictments had already been issued. Were they not based on sufficient evidence? Or was there no evidence at all?
Special rules of evidence, no laymen
In virtually all Western countries, hearsay evidence - which means evidence that is not first-hand - is either inadmissible in a court of law or is considered to be virtually without value.
But the Tribunal has set aside this tradition and relies heavily on hearsay evidence.
There is no jury or any other participation by laymen. Witnesses can testify anonymously, or can refuse to appear in court. In its yearbook for 1994, the Tribunal stated that "The Tribunal does not need to shackle itself with restrictive rules which have developed out of the ancient trial-by-jury system."
The Tribunal's rules allow for closed hearings in circumstances which are vaguely defined, as well as secret trials, which are the essence of injustice and of political
courts.
The Tribunal is increasing its use of sealed indictments, so that no one knows if they have been charged until the military police arrest them.
Suspects, i.e. persons who are not indicted, can be detained for up to 90 days without charge. All that is needed is a statement by the Tribunal that the person in question is suspected. No evidence is required.
One of the Tribunal's most dangerous rules is Rule 92, which states that confessions shall be presumed to be free and voluntary unless the contrary is established - by the prisoner. After 90 days at the mercy of military police and prosecutors, the prisoner has to prove possible coercion.
Almost every other court in the world presumes the opposite. Many courts are currently moving to entirely prohibit the use of confessions made in police custody, because such confessions are notoriously unreliable.
There is even a special provision for obtaining evidence from NGO's (Non-Governmental Organizations) such as George Soros' Open Society Foundation, whose conflict of interest is described below.
On paper, accused have the right to choose counsel, but in reality that right is infringed by the Registrar, who can disqualify counsel for all sorts of reasons, including being unfriendly to the Tribunal.
In some cases, the Registrar of the Tribunal has barred lawyers from particular countries because the Tribunal considers that too many of them already represent accused persons. Lawyers have been subject to large fines for contempt.
No citizen of any country in the world would consider him/herself fairly tried before a court that was paid for, staffed and assisted by private citizens or corporations
who had a direct stake in the outcome of the trial and who were, themselves, in practical terms, immune from the court.
It is a well-established principle of law that a party in a legal action, whether civil or criminal, is entitled to ask for the removal of any judge sitting on the case when there exists a reasonable apprehension of bias. In the case of the Tribunal, a compelling argument can be made that the bias is not only apprehended, but is real.
It is not only the individual judge who is biased. It is the entire Tribunal, which is not a judicial body worthy of international respect but a kangaroo court established for political purposes.
As a political instrument the Tribunal is designed to violate and destroy the integrity and sovereignty of a country. The creation of the Tribunal is a crime against peace under the Nuremberg Principles. Instead of resolving conflict, the Tribunal is used to justify conflict, Instead of creating peace, it is used to justify war and therefore is an instrument of war.
2. Какво става с чичко Садам ? Какво смятат да правят с него и колко от така наречените "оръжия за масово поразяване" са открити до момента.Нима вече ги мързи да ни замазват очите поне с фабрикати ?
, дай щом си отворил темата за точно този съд да я обсъждаме нея. Т.е., ти не си съгласен с принципите и идеите, стоящи зад този съд, правилно ли съм те разбрал? Или протестираш само срещу текущата им реализация в практиката? Защото би трябвало да започнем обсъждането от този проблем, пък след това да го онагледяваме с конкретни примери, от типа на евентален съд над Саддам Хусейн (който, очевидно заслужава смъртно наказание за престъпленията, които е извършил по време на управлението си и тъй като те са били насочени изключително срещу шийтите (които съставялват по-голямата част от населението на Ирак) и кюрдите (които са значително по-малко, но все пак са достатъчно много), то тези две групи население със сигурност ще искат да го видят наказан, сиреч умъртвен. Много е възможно срещу него да са анстроени и не малка част от сунитите, които също са страдали от диктатурата му в една или друга степен).
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