(предполагам тази статия трябва да е в темата за студената война ще бъда благодарен ако поправите грешката ми )
Извинявам се още не съм прочел цялата тема но ще го направя при първа възможност все пак искам да ви покажа една статия от :
Washington Post
February 27, 2004
Reagan Approved Plan to Sabotage Soviets
Book Recounts Cold War Program That Made Technology Go Haywire
By David E. Hoffman
In January 1982, President Ronald Reagan approved a CIA plan to sabotage
the economy of the Soviet Union through covert transfers of technology that
contained hidden malfunctions, including software that later triggered a
huge explosion in a Siberian natural gas pipeline, according to a new
memoir by a Reagan White House official.
Thomas C. Reed, a former Air Force secretary who was serving in the
National Security Council at the time, describes the episode in "At the
Abyss: An Insider's History of the Cold War," to be published next month by
Ballantine Books. Reed writes that the pipeline explosion was just one
example of "cold-eyed economic warfare" against the Soviet Union that the
CIA carried out under Director William J. Casey during the final years of
the Cold War.
At the time, the United States was attempting to block Western Europe from
importing Soviet natural gas. There were also signs that the Soviets were
trying to steal a wide variety of Western technology. Then, a KGB insider
revealed the specific shopping list and the CIA slipped the flawed software
to the Soviets in a way they would not detect it.
"In order to disrupt the Soviet gas supply, its hard currency earnings from
the West, and the internal Russian economy, the pipeline software that was
to run the pumps, turbines, and valves was programmed to go haywire, after
a decent interval, to reset pump speeds and valve settings to produce
pressures far beyond those acceptable to pipeline joints and welds," Reed
writes.
"The result was the most monumental non-nuclear explosion and fire ever
seen from space," he recalls, adding that U.S. satellites picked up the
explosion. Reed said in an interview that the blast occurred in the summer
of 1982.
"While there were no physical casualties from the pipeline explosion, there
was significant damage to the Soviet economy," he writes. "Its ultimate
bankruptcy, not a bloody battle or nuclear exchange, is what brought the
Cold War to an end. In time the Soviets came to understand that they had
been stealing bogus technology, but now what were they to do? By
implication, every cell of the Soviet leviathan might be infected. They had
no way of knowing which equipment was sound, which was bogus. All was
suspect, which was the intended endgame for the entire operation."
Reed said he obtained CIA approval to publish details about the operation.
The CIA learned of the full extent of the KGB's pursuit of Western
technology in an intelligence operation known as the Farewell Dossier.
Portions of the operation have been disclosed earlier, including in a 1996
paper in Studies in Intelligence, a CIA journal. The paper was written by
Gus W. Weiss, an expert on technology and intelligence who was instrumental
in devising the plan to send the flawed materials and served with Reed on
the National Security Council. Weiss died Nov. 25 at 72.
According to the Weiss article and Reed's book, the Soviet authorities in
1970 set up a new KGB section, known as Directorate T, to plumb Western
research and development for badly needed technology. Directorate T's
operating arm to steal the technology was known as Line X. Its spies were
often sprinkled throughout Soviet delegations to the United States; on one
visit to a Boeing plant, "a Soviet guest applied adhesive to his shoes to
obtain metal samples," Weiss recalled in his article.
Then, at a July 1981 economic summit in Ottawa, President Francois
Mitterrand of France told Reagan that French intelligence had obtained the
services of an agent they dubbed "Farewell," Col. Vladimir Vetrov, a
53-year-old engineer who was assigned to evaluate the intelligence
collected by Directorate T.
Vetrov, who Weiss recalled had provided his services for ideological
reasons, photographed and supplied 4,000 documents on the program. The
documents revealed the names of more than 200 Line X officers around the
world and showed how the Soviets were carrying out a broad-based effort to
steal Western technology.
"Reagan expressed great interest in Mitterrand's sensitive revelations and
was grateful for his offer to make the material available to the U.S.
administration," Reed writes. The Farewell Dossier arrived at the CIA in
August 1981. "It immediately caused a storm," Reed says in the book. "The
files were incredibly explicit. They set forth the extent of Soviet
penetration into U.S. and other Western laboratories, factories and
government agencies."
"Reading the material caused my worst nightmares to come true," Weiss
recalled. The documents showed the Soviets had stolen valuable data on
radar, computers, machine tools and semiconductors, he wrote. "Our science
was supporting their national defense."
The Farewell Dossier included a shopping list of future Soviet priorities.
In January 1982, Weiss said he proposed to Casey a program to slip the
Soviets technology that would work for a while, then fail. Reed said the
CIA "would add 'extra ingredients' to the software and hardware on the
KGB's shopping list."
"Reagan received the plan enthusiastically," Reed writes. "Casey was given
a go." According to Weiss, "American industry helped in the preparation of
items to be 'marketed' to Line X." Some details about the flawed technology
were reported in Aviation Week and Space Technology in 1986 and in a 1995
book by Peter Schweizer, "Victory: The Reagan Administration's Secret
Strategy that Hastened the Collapse of the Soviet Union."
The sabotage of the gas pipeline has not been previously disclosed, and at
the time was a closely guarded secret. When the pipeline exploded, Reed
writes, the first reports caused concern in the U.S. military and at the
White House. "NORAD feared a missile liftoff from a place where no rockets
were known to be based," he said, referring to North American Air Defense
Command. "Or perhaps it was the detonation of a small nuclear device."
However, satellites did not pick up any telltale signs of a nuclear explosion.
"Before these conflicting indicators could turn into an international
crisis," he added, "Gus Weiss came down the hall to tell his fellow NSC
staffers not to worry."
The role that Reagan and the United States played in the collapse of the
Soviet Union is still a matter of intense debate. Some argue that U.S.
policy was the key factor -- Reagan's military buildup; the Strategic
Defense Initiative, Reagan's proposed missile defense system; confronting
the Soviets in regional conflicts; and rapid advances in U.S. high
technology. But others say that internal Soviet factors were more
important, including economic decline and President Mikhail Gorbachev's
revolutionary policies of glasnost and perestroika.
Reed, who served in the National Security Council from January 1982 to June
1983, said the United States and its NATO allies later "rolled up the
entire Line X collection network, both in the U.S. and overseas." Weiss
said "the heart of Soviet technology collection crumbled and would not
recover."
However, Vetrov's espionage was discovered by the KGB, and he was executed
in 1983.
Извинявам се още не съм прочел цялата тема но ще го направя при първа възможност все пак искам да ви покажа една статия от :
Washington Post
February 27, 2004
Reagan Approved Plan to Sabotage Soviets
Book Recounts Cold War Program That Made Technology Go Haywire
By David E. Hoffman
In January 1982, President Ronald Reagan approved a CIA plan to sabotage
the economy of the Soviet Union through covert transfers of technology that
contained hidden malfunctions, including software that later triggered a
huge explosion in a Siberian natural gas pipeline, according to a new
memoir by a Reagan White House official.
Thomas C. Reed, a former Air Force secretary who was serving in the
National Security Council at the time, describes the episode in "At the
Abyss: An Insider's History of the Cold War," to be published next month by
Ballantine Books. Reed writes that the pipeline explosion was just one
example of "cold-eyed economic warfare" against the Soviet Union that the
CIA carried out under Director William J. Casey during the final years of
the Cold War.
At the time, the United States was attempting to block Western Europe from
importing Soviet natural gas. There were also signs that the Soviets were
trying to steal a wide variety of Western technology. Then, a KGB insider
revealed the specific shopping list and the CIA slipped the flawed software
to the Soviets in a way they would not detect it.
"In order to disrupt the Soviet gas supply, its hard currency earnings from
the West, and the internal Russian economy, the pipeline software that was
to run the pumps, turbines, and valves was programmed to go haywire, after
a decent interval, to reset pump speeds and valve settings to produce
pressures far beyond those acceptable to pipeline joints and welds," Reed
writes.
"The result was the most monumental non-nuclear explosion and fire ever
seen from space," he recalls, adding that U.S. satellites picked up the
explosion. Reed said in an interview that the blast occurred in the summer
of 1982.
"While there were no physical casualties from the pipeline explosion, there
was significant damage to the Soviet economy," he writes. "Its ultimate
bankruptcy, not a bloody battle or nuclear exchange, is what brought the
Cold War to an end. In time the Soviets came to understand that they had
been stealing bogus technology, but now what were they to do? By
implication, every cell of the Soviet leviathan might be infected. They had
no way of knowing which equipment was sound, which was bogus. All was
suspect, which was the intended endgame for the entire operation."
Reed said he obtained CIA approval to publish details about the operation.
The CIA learned of the full extent of the KGB's pursuit of Western
technology in an intelligence operation known as the Farewell Dossier.
Portions of the operation have been disclosed earlier, including in a 1996
paper in Studies in Intelligence, a CIA journal. The paper was written by
Gus W. Weiss, an expert on technology and intelligence who was instrumental
in devising the plan to send the flawed materials and served with Reed on
the National Security Council. Weiss died Nov. 25 at 72.
According to the Weiss article and Reed's book, the Soviet authorities in
1970 set up a new KGB section, known as Directorate T, to plumb Western
research and development for badly needed technology. Directorate T's
operating arm to steal the technology was known as Line X. Its spies were
often sprinkled throughout Soviet delegations to the United States; on one
visit to a Boeing plant, "a Soviet guest applied adhesive to his shoes to
obtain metal samples," Weiss recalled in his article.
Then, at a July 1981 economic summit in Ottawa, President Francois
Mitterrand of France told Reagan that French intelligence had obtained the
services of an agent they dubbed "Farewell," Col. Vladimir Vetrov, a
53-year-old engineer who was assigned to evaluate the intelligence
collected by Directorate T.
Vetrov, who Weiss recalled had provided his services for ideological
reasons, photographed and supplied 4,000 documents on the program. The
documents revealed the names of more than 200 Line X officers around the
world and showed how the Soviets were carrying out a broad-based effort to
steal Western technology.
"Reagan expressed great interest in Mitterrand's sensitive revelations and
was grateful for his offer to make the material available to the U.S.
administration," Reed writes. The Farewell Dossier arrived at the CIA in
August 1981. "It immediately caused a storm," Reed says in the book. "The
files were incredibly explicit. They set forth the extent of Soviet
penetration into U.S. and other Western laboratories, factories and
government agencies."
"Reading the material caused my worst nightmares to come true," Weiss
recalled. The documents showed the Soviets had stolen valuable data on
radar, computers, machine tools and semiconductors, he wrote. "Our science
was supporting their national defense."
The Farewell Dossier included a shopping list of future Soviet priorities.
In January 1982, Weiss said he proposed to Casey a program to slip the
Soviets technology that would work for a while, then fail. Reed said the
CIA "would add 'extra ingredients' to the software and hardware on the
KGB's shopping list."
"Reagan received the plan enthusiastically," Reed writes. "Casey was given
a go." According to Weiss, "American industry helped in the preparation of
items to be 'marketed' to Line X." Some details about the flawed technology
were reported in Aviation Week and Space Technology in 1986 and in a 1995
book by Peter Schweizer, "Victory: The Reagan Administration's Secret
Strategy that Hastened the Collapse of the Soviet Union."
The sabotage of the gas pipeline has not been previously disclosed, and at
the time was a closely guarded secret. When the pipeline exploded, Reed
writes, the first reports caused concern in the U.S. military and at the
White House. "NORAD feared a missile liftoff from a place where no rockets
were known to be based," he said, referring to North American Air Defense
Command. "Or perhaps it was the detonation of a small nuclear device."
However, satellites did not pick up any telltale signs of a nuclear explosion.
"Before these conflicting indicators could turn into an international
crisis," he added, "Gus Weiss came down the hall to tell his fellow NSC
staffers not to worry."
The role that Reagan and the United States played in the collapse of the
Soviet Union is still a matter of intense debate. Some argue that U.S.
policy was the key factor -- Reagan's military buildup; the Strategic
Defense Initiative, Reagan's proposed missile defense system; confronting
the Soviets in regional conflicts; and rapid advances in U.S. high
technology. But others say that internal Soviet factors were more
important, including economic decline and President Mikhail Gorbachev's
revolutionary policies of glasnost and perestroika.
Reed, who served in the National Security Council from January 1982 to June
1983, said the United States and its NATO allies later "rolled up the
entire Line X collection network, both in the U.S. and overseas." Weiss
said "the heart of Soviet technology collection crumbled and would not
recover."
However, Vetrov's espionage was discovered by the KGB, and he was executed
in 1983.