Съобщение

**De Ruyeter** · 21-10-2004, 12:15

Съгласен, но нали не само за първата и втората световна война ще си пишем?Можем да започнем с 16-19 век - Дрейк, Хоукинз, Тромп, Де Ройтер, Блейк, де Вит, Турвил, Сюфрен, Родни, Хау, Ансън, Нелсън, Ушаков, Нахимов, Сенявин, Юелс, Тегетхоф, Того, Бийти, Джелико, Шеер, Хипер, Рьодер, Дьониц, Кънингам, Тови, Нимиц, Холси, Спрюънс

**De Ruyeter** · 21-10-2004, 12:18

Ооо, забравих - Ямамото и Одзава

**Thunderchief** · 21-10-2004, 12:24

Plamen написа

Съгласен, но нали не само за първата и втората световна война ще си пишем?Можем да започнем с 16-19 век - Дрейк, Хоукинз, Тромп, Де Ройтер, Блейк, де Вит, Турвил, Сюфрен, Родни, Хау, Ансън, Нелсън, Ушаков, Нахимов, Сенявин, Юелс, Тегетхоф, Того, Бийти, Джелико, Шеер, Хипер, Рьодер, Дьониц, Кънингам, Тови, Нимиц, Холси, Спрюънс

Една поправка не Ушаков - св. Ушаков. На нос Калиакра има цяла паметна плоча по въпроса!

**Gaden Gogi** · 21-10-2004, 12:42

Da уточня:тук не е място всеки да напише имената на колкото адмирала се сети, или капитана, а да се сложат техни биографии. А като желязото е нищо без мръвката какво е мръвката без желязо?

**Gaden Gogi** · 21-10-2004, 12:43

Fleet Admiral William Frederick Halsey, Jr.

William Frederick Halsey, Jr., was born in Elizabeth, New Jersey, on October 30, 1882, the son of the late Captain William F. Halsey, U. S. Navy. As a Navy junior, he made the usual round of schools prior to his appointment to the Naval Academy. President McKinley gave him an appointment in 1900.

While at the Naval Academy he distinguished himself in class committees and athletics, but not in scholarship. He was a member of the "Lucky Bag" yearbook staff, won his letter in football as a fullback and was president of the Athletic Association. As a First Classman, he had his name engraved on the Thompson Trophy Cup as the Midshipman who had done the most during the year for the promotion of athletics.

Upon graduation in February 1904, he was assigned to USS Missouri and later transferred to USS Don Juan de Austria in which he was commissioned an Ensign after having completed the two years at sea -- then required by law. In 1907, he joined USS Kansas and made the famous World Cruise of the Fleet in that battle ship.

For the next almost 25 years practically all his sea duty with the Fleet was in destroyers, starting in 1909 with command of USS DuPont (TB-7 commissioned in 1897), USS Lamson, USS Flusser and USS Jarvis. In 1915 he went ashore for two years of duty in the Executive Department at the Naval Academy.

During WWI he served in the Queenstown Destroyer Force in command of USS Benham and USS Shaw. From 1918 to 1921 he continued his destroyer service in command of USS Yarnell, USS Chauncey, USS John Francis Burnes and Destroyer Division Thirty-two. In October of 1920 he assumed command of USS Wickes and of Destroyer Division Fifteen. At that time a destroyer division commander also commanded the division flagship. Another shore cruise sent him to duty in the Office of Naval Intelligence, in Washington, -- which was his only duty assignment in that city. In October 1922, he was ordered as Naval Attache at the American Embassy in Berlin, Germany. One year later, he was given additional duty as Naval Attache at the American Embassies in Christiana, Norway; Copenhagen, Denmark; and Stockholm, Sweden.

On completion of that cruise he returned to sea duty, again in the destroyers in European waters, in command of USS Dale and USS Osborne. Upon his return to the U.S. in 1927, he served one year as Executive Officer of the battleship USS Wyoming -- and then for three years in command of USS Reina Mercedes, station ship at the Naval Academy. He continued his destroyer duty on his next two-years at cruise starting in 1930 as Commander Destroyer Division Three of the Scouting Force. In 1932 he went as a student to the Naval War College.

Then in 1934, he embarked on his aviation career when he reported to the Naval Air Station, Pensacola for flight training. He was designated a Naval Aviator on 15 May 1935, and went in command of the carrier USS Saratoga for two years, followed by one year in command of the Naval Air Station, Pensacola. In 1938, when he reached flag rank, he held successive commands of Carrier Division Two in USS Yorktown and Carrier Division One in Saratoga. In 1940, he became Commander Aircraft Battle Force with the rank of Vice Admiral. He was in USS Enterprise in that command when World War II broke out. In April 1942 he was designated Commander Task Force Sixteen, in Enterprise to escort the carrier USS Hornet to within 800 miles of Tokyo to launch the Army planes for the initial bombing of Japan.

In October l942 he was made Commander South Pacific Forces and South Pacific Area. With the rank of Admiral, and for the next 18 months he was in command of that area during the offensive operations of the U. S. Forces. In June 1944 he assumed command of the Third Fleet, and was designated Commander Western Pacific Task Forces. As such, he operated successfully against the Japanese in the Palaies, Philippines, Formosa, Okinawa and South China Sea. Subsequent to the Okinawa campaign in July 1945, his forces struck at Tokyo and the Japanese mainland. The last attack of his forces was on 13 August 1945. Admiral Halsey's flag was flying on USS Missouri on 2 September in Tokyo Bay when the formal Japanese surrender was signed onboard.

Immediately thereafter, 54 ships of the Third Fleet, with his four-star flag in USS South Dakota, returned to the United States for annual Navy Day Celebrations in San Francisco on 27 October 1945. He hauled down his flag in November of that year and was assigned special duty in the office of the Secretary of the Navy. On December 11, 1945, he took the oath as Fleet Admiral becoming the fourth and last officer to hold the rank.

Later, Fleet Admiral Halsey made a goodwill flying trip through Central and South America covering nearly 28,000 miles, and 11 nations. He was relieved of active duty in December 1946, and upon his own request transferred to the retired list on 1 March 1947. Upon retirement, he joined the board of two subsidiaries of the International Telephone and Telegraph Company and served until 1957. He was active in an unsuccessful effort to preserve the USS Enterprise as a national shrine, and was an elected Honorary Vice President of the Naval Historical Foundation.

He died on 16 August 1959 at Fishers Island Country Club.

PROMOTIONS

Graduated from Naval Academy - Class of 1904
Ensign - February 2, 1906
Lieutenant (junior grade) - February 2, 1909
Lieutenant - February 2, 1909
Lieutenant Commander - August 29, 1916
Commander - February 1, 1918
Captain - February 10, 1927
Rear Admiral - March 1, 1938
Vice Admiral - June 13, 1940
Admiral - November 18, 1942
Fleet Admiral - December 11, 1945

DECORATIONS AND AWARDS

Navy Cross
Distinguished Service Medal with three gold stars
Army Distinguished Service Medal
Presidential Unit Citation
Mexican Service Medal
Victory Medal, Destroyer Clasp
American Defense Service Medal with Fleet Clasp
Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal
World War II Victory Medal
National Defense Service Medal
Philippine Liberation Medal

**Gaden Gogi** · 21-10-2004, 12:47

Ето определение според енциклопедията, смятам естественно да се занимая основно с адмиралите от най-великият флот
Admiral of the Fleet

Admiral of the Fleet is a rank of the British Royal Navy and is the senior most Admiral of the naval service, the equialvent to a Fleet Admiral.

The rank evolved from the ancient sailing days of British Navy Squadrons. Each British Squadron was designated a colour, that of Red, White, or Blue. Each coloured squadron was assigned an Admiral, who in turn had command over a Vice Admiral and a Rear Admiral. The Admiral of the Fleet, therefore, commanded the Admirals of the various squadrons and thus, the entirety of the Fleet.

Admiral of the Fleet is also used as a title in some of the world's militaries which is given to an admiral who is the senior most officer of the fleet or Commander-in-Chief of the Navy. In the German Kriegsmarine of the Second World War, the rank was referred to as Grand Admiral.

**Gaden Gogi** · 21-10-2004, 12:51

Какъв линк? Ровиш с браузърката и освен мажоретки може да попаднеш и на готини материали, а като напишеш адмирали повчето резултати са именно мажоретки :o
Айде първият
William IV of the United Kingdom

William IV (William Henry) (21 August 1765–20 June 1837) was King of the United Kingdom and of Hanover from 26 June 1830 until his death. William, the son of George III and younger brother and successor of George IV, was the penultimate monarch of the House of Hanover. During his youth, he served in the Royal Navy; he was afterwards nicknamed the Sailor King. His reign was one of several reforms: the poor law updated, municipal government democratised, child labour restricted and slavery abolished throughout the British Empire. The most important reform legislation of William IV's reign was the Reform Act 1832, which refashioned the British electoral system. William did not meddle in politics as much as either his brother or his father, though he did prove to be the last monarch to appoint a Prime Minister contrary to the will of Parliament (in 1834).

Early life
William was the son of King George III and Queen Charlotte. He had two elder brothers (HRH The Prince George, Prince of Wales and HRH The Prince Frederick, Duke of York), and was not expected to inherit the Crown. At the age of thirteen, he joined the Royal Navy as a midshipman. He served in New York during the American War of Independence. He became a Lieutenant in 1785 and a Captain in the following year. In 1786, he was stationed in the West Indies.

Created Duke of Clarence in 1789, he ceased actively serving in the Royal Navy in 1790. He was promoted to Rear-Admiral upon retirement. When the United Kingdom declared war on France in 1793, he was anxious to serve his country, but was not put in command of any vessel. Instead, he chose to serve in the House of Lords, where he defended the exorbitant spending of his brother, the Prince of Wales, who had applied to Parliament for a grant to in relief of debts. He also spoke in favour of slavery (which, though illegal in the United Kingdom, was still permitted in the British colonies); he used his experience in the West Indies to defend his positions.

After he left the Royal Navy, the Duke of Clarence had a long affair with an Irish actress, Dorothea Bland, better known by her stage name, Mrs Jordan. From 1791, the couple had at least ten illegitimate children, who were give the surname "FitzClarence." The affair ended in 1811, twenty years after it began, for political reasons. In the same year, Clarence was appointed Admiral of the Fleet. On 13 July 1818, he married Princess Adelaide, daughter of the Duke of Saxe-Meiningen, a woman half his age. Though he had been able to father at least ten illegitimate children by Mrs Jordan, Clarence had only two children—both daughters who died during infancy—by his wife.

In 1820, Clarence's father, King George III, died, leaving the Crown to his eldest son, George IV, who had been Prince Regent for his father, who had been blind and insane since 1811. As the new King had no children, the Duke of Clarence was second in the line of succession to the Throne, preceded only by his brother, the Duke of York. When York died in 1827, Clarence, then more than sixty years old, became heir-presumptive. To mark the occasion, George IV appointed Clarence to the office of Lord High Admiral, which had been in commission (that is, exercised by a board rather than by a single individual) since 1709. Whilst in office, Clarence attempted to take independent control of naval affairs, although the law required him to act on the advice of at least two members of his Council. The King requested him to resign in 1828; the Duke of Clarence complied.

The Reform Crisis
When George IV died childless in 1830, the Duke of Clarence ascended the Throne as William IV. Unlike his extravagant brother, William was unassuming, discouraging pomp and ceremony. Whilst his unembellished behaviour did little to change the low opinion of the monarchy held by most of his subjects, William was not involved in embarrassing scandals like his predecessor. He was given to riding about the country in his carriage, making his presence known to the common people, in contrast with George IV, who tended to spend most of his time in Windsor Castle.

At the beginning of William IV's reign, Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington was Prime Minister. During the general elections of 1830, however, Wellington's Tories lost to the Whig Party under Charles Grey, 2nd Earl Grey. When he became Prime Minister, Lord Grey immediately announced that he would attempt to reform an electoral system had seen few changes since the fifteenth century. The inconsistencies in the system were great; for example, large towns such as Manchester and Birmingham were entirely unrepresented, whilst minuscule boroughs such as Old Sarum (with seven voters) elected two members of Parliament each. Often, the small boroughs—also known as rotten boroughs and pocket boroughs—were "owned" by great aristocrats, whose "nominees" would invariably be elected by the constituents.

As monarch, William IV played an important role in the Reform Crisis. When the House of Commons defeated the First Reform Bill in 1831, Lord Grey's ministry urged an immediate dissolution of Parliament and new general elections. At first, William hesitated to exercise the power to dissolve Parliament, elections having just been held the year before. He was, however, irritated by the conduct of the Opposition, which formally requested the passage of a parliamentary resolution against dissolution. Regarding the Opposition's motion as an attack on his power, William IV dissolved Parliament and called fresh elections, which yielded a great victory for the reformers. But although the House of Commons was clearly in favour of parliamentary reform, the House of Lords remained implacably opposed to it. After the rejection of the Second Reform Bill (1831) by the Upper House, people across the country began to agitate for reform; some grew violent, participating in several "Reform Riots". The nation saw a political crisis greater than any since the Glorious Revolution in 1688.

In the face of popular excitement, the Grey ministry refused to accept defeat in the House of Lords, and re-introduced the Bill. It passed easily in the House of Commons, but was once again faced with difficulties in the House of Lords. Bowing to popular pressure, the Lords did not reject the bill outright, but were prepared to change its basic character through amendments. To ensure the passage of the Reform Bill, Grey suggested that the King "swamp" the House of Lords by creating several new peers.

When William IV refused, Grey and his fellow ministers resigned. The King attempted to restore the Duke of Wellington to office, but first heard of an official resolution of the House of Commons requesting Grey's return. On the Duke of Wellington's advice, the King agreed to reappoint Grey's ministry. The King also agreed to create new peers if the House of Lords continued to pose difficulties, but did not have to resort to such an extraordinary course of action when the bill's opponents agreed to abstain. Consequently, Parliament passed the bill, which became the Reform Act 1832. Parliament proceeded to other reforms, including the abolition of slavery throughout the British Empire and the restriction of child labour, but William IV had little to do with their passage.

Later years
For the remainder of his reign, William interfered actively in politics only once—in 1834—when he became the last Sovereign to choose a Prime Minister contrary to the will of Parliament. Two years after the passage of the Reform Act 1832, the ministry had become unpopular; it had also lost the support of the King due to its support for the reform of the Church of Ireland. In 1834, Lord Grey resigned; one of the Whigs in his cabinet, William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne, replaced him. The Melbourne administration, for the most part, included the same members as the Grey administration; though disliked by many in the country, it retained an overwhelming majority in the House of Commons. Its reforming ways, however, were obnoxious to the King.

In October 1834, the Whig minister John Charles Spencer, Viscount Althorp inherited a peerage dignity, and was therefore forced to leave the House of Commons and enter the House of Lords. Because of his removal to the Upper House, he was forced to relinquish the posts of Leader of the House of Commons and Chancellor of the Exchequer. All admitted that the loss of Lord Althorp required a partial reconstruction of the Cabinet, but William IV claimed that the ministry had been weakened beyond repair. He used the removal of Lord Althorp—not from the Government, but from one House to the other—as the pretext for the dismissal of the entire ministry.

With Lord Melbourne gone, William IV chose to entrust power to a Tory, Sir Robert Peel. Since Peel was then in Italy, the Duke of Wellington was provisionally appointed Prime Minister. When Peel returned and assumed leadership of the ministry for himself, he noticed the impossibility of governing with the large Whig majority in the House of Commons. Consequently, the King dissolved Parliament and forced fresh elections. Although the Tories won more seats than during the previous election, they were still in the minority. Peel remained in office for a few days, but resigned after a series of parliamentary defeats. Lord Melbourne's ministry was restored, remaining in office for the rest of William IV's reign.

William IV died in 1837 in Windsor Castle, where he was buried. He was childless, so the Crown of the United Kingdom passed to his eighteen-year-old niece, HRH Princess Victoria of Kent. Under Salic Law, a woman could not rule Hanover; thus, the Hanoverian Crown went to William IV's brother, HRH Prince Ernest Augustus, Duke of Cumberland. William's death thus ended the personal union of Britain and Hanover, which had persisted since 1714.

Legacy
William's reign was short, but it was eventful. The ascendancy of the House of Commons and the corresponding decline of the House of Lords was marked by the Reform Crisis, during which the threat of flooding the Upper House with peers was used effectively for the first time by a ministry. The weakening of the House of Lords continued during the nineteenth century, and culminated during the twentieth century with the passage of the Parliament Act 1911. The same threat which had been used during the Reform Crisis—the threat to flood the House of Lords by creating several new peers—was used to procure the passage fo the Parliament Act.

The reduction in the influence of the Crown was clearly indicated by the events of William's reign, especially the dismissal of the Melbourne ministry. The crisis relating to Melbourne's dismissal also indicated the reduction in the King's influence with the people. During the reign of George III, the King could have dismissed one ministry, appointed another, dissolved Parliament, and expected the people to vote in favour of the new administration. Such was the result of a dissolution in 1784, after the dismissal of the Coalition Ministry; such was the result of a dissolution in 1807, after the dismissal of William Wyndham Grenville, 1st Baron Grenville. But when William IV dismissed the Melbourne ministry, the Tories under Sir Robert Peel were not fortunate enough to win the ensuing elections. Thus, the King's ability to influence the opinion of the people, and therefore generally dictate national policy, had been reduced. None of William's successors has attempted to remove a ministry and appoint another against the wishes of Parliament.

Style and arms
William's official style whilst King was, "William the Fourth, by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland King, Defender of the Faith". His arms were: ''Quarterly, I and IV Gules three lions passant guardant in pale Or (for England); II Or a lion rampant within a tressure flory-counter-flory Gules (for Scotland); III Azure a harp Or stringed Argent (for Ireland); overall an escutcheon tierced per pale and per chevron (for Hanover), I Gules two lions passant guardant Or (for Brunswick), II Or a semy of hearts Gules a lion rampant Azure (for L neburg), III Gules a horse courant Argent (for Westfalen), the whole inescutcheon surmounted by a crown.''

**Gaden Gogi** · 21-10-2004, 12:55

Айде още един от Най-добрите адмирали на ВСВ

Andrew Cunningham, 1st Viscount Cunningham of Hyndhope

Sponsored links:

Andrew Browne Cunningham, 1st Viscount Cunningham of Hyndhope (1883-1963), familiarly known as "ABC", was the most famous British admiral of World War II, winning distinction in Mediterranean battles in 1940 and 1941, then serving as First Sea Lord from 1943 to 1946. He was the older brother of Alan Cunningham.

He was a highly decorated officer during the First World War. He was Commander-in-Chief, Mediterranean from 1939 to 1942, and in 1943; Allied naval commander Expeditionary Force under General Eisenhower in 1942, and served as First Sea Lord and Chief of Naval Staff from 1943-5. He was made a Knight Commander of the Bath in 1939, and a Knight of the Thistle in 1945. In the same year he was elevated to the House of Lords as Baron Cunningham of Hyndhope, of Kirkhope, county Selkirk. In 1946 he was admitted to the Order of Merit and created a Viscount. He acted as Lord High Steward at the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II in 1953.

и нещо много интересно:
First Sea Lord
History
The office of Admiral of England, or Lord Admiral and later Lord High Admiral was created in approximately 1400. In 1546 King Henry VIII established the Council of the Marine later to became the Navy Board to oversee administrative affairs of the naval service. Operational control of the Navy remained the responsibility of the Lord High Admiral, who was one of the nine Great Officers of State.

In 1628, Charles I put the office of Lord High Admiral into commission and control of the Royal Navy passed to a committee in the form of the Board of the Admiralty. Control of the Navy was passed a number of times to and from the board and the Lord High Admiral, notoriously vested in the Duke of York towards the end of Charles II's reign, until in 1709 the powers of the Lord High Admiral were finally vested in the Board of Admiralty.

The Board of Admiralty consisted of admirals (known as Sea Lords) and civilian lords, normally politicians. The professional head of the Royal Navy was (and still is) known as the First Sea Lord. The civilian minister and president of the Board was known as the First Lord of the Admiralty.

The seat of power of the Admiralty in Whitehall was clumsily designed and built by Thomas Ripley, a former carpenter and proteg of Sir Robert Walpole, whose distinctly provincial essay in such a prominent site provoked the scorn of Pope: See under Ripley rise a new White-hall, While Jones' and Boyles' united labours fall.

— The Dunciad (1743), book III, ii, 327-8 In 1831 the Navy Board was abolished as a separate entity and its duties and responsibilities were given over to the Board of Admiralty.

In 1964 the Admiralty was subsumed into the Ministry of Defence along with the War Office and the Air Ministry. Within the expanded Ministry of Defence are a new Admiralty Board, Army Board and Air Force Board, each headed by the Secretary of State for Defence. (The new Admiralty Board was to have been called the Navy Board but for an amendment in the House of Lords).

The title of Lord High Admiral of the United Kingdom is now vested in the Sovereign. However, there continues to be appointed a Vice-Admiral and a Rear-Admiral of the United Kingdom.

Lord High Admirals, 1413-1628
Thomas Beaufort, Duke of Exeter 1413 - 1426
John, Duke of Bedford 1426 - 1435
John Holland, 2nd Duke of Exeter 1435 - 1447
William de la Pole, 1st Duke of Suffolk 1447 - 1450
Henry Holland, 3rd Duke of Exeter 1450 - 1461
William Neville, 1st Earl of Kent 1462
Richard, Duke of Gloucester 1462 - 1470
Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick 1470 - 1471
Richard, Duke of Gloucester 1471 - 1483
John Howard, 1st Duke of Norfolk 1483 - 1485
John de Vere, 13th Earl of Oxford 1485 - 1513
Sir Edward Howard 1513 son of the 2nd Duke of Norfolk
Thomas Howard, Earl of Surrey 1513 - 1525
Henry Fitzroy, Duke of Richmond 1525 - 1536
William Fitzwilliam, 1st Earl of Southampton 1536 - 1540
John Russell, 1st Lord Russell 1540 - 1542
Edward Seymour, 1st Earl of Hertford 1542 - 1543
John Dudley, Viscount Lisle 1543 - 1547
Thomas Seymour, 1st Lord Seymour of Sudeley 1547 - 1549
John Dudley, 1st Earl of Warwick 1549 - 1550
Edward Clinton, 9th Lord Clinton 1550 - 1554
William Howard, 1st Lord Howard of Effingham 1554 - 1558
Edward Clinton, 1st Earl of Lincoln 1558 - 1585
Charles Howard, 1st Earl of Nottingham (1597) 1585 - 1619
George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham 1619 - 1628

Lords High Admiral and First Lords of the Admiralty, 1628-1709
Richard Weston, 1st Earl of Portland (First Lord of the Admiralty) 1628 - 1635
Robert Bertie, 1st Earl of Lindsey(First Lord of the Admiralty) 1635 - 1636
William Juxon, Bishop of Lincoln (First Lord of the Admiralty) 1636 - 1638
Algernon Percy, 4th Earl of Northumberland (Lord High Admiral to 1642, then First Lord of the Admiralty) 1638 - 1643
Francis Cottington, 1st Lord Cottington 1643 - 1646
none 1646-1660
James Stuart, Duke of York and Albany (Lord High Admiral) 1660 - 1673
King Charles II (Lord High Admiral) 1673
Prince Rupert of the Palatinate, 1st Duke of Cumberland (Lord High Admiral) 1673 - 1679
Sir Henry Capell (First Lord of the Admiralty) 1679 - 1681
Daniel Finch, 2nd Earl of Nottingham (First Lord of the Admiralty) 1681 - 1684
King Charles II (Lord High Admiral) 1684 - 1685
King James II (Lord High Admiral) 1685 - 1688
King William III (Lord High Admiral) 1689
Arthur Herbert, 1st Earl of Torrington (Lord High Admiral to 1689, then First Lord of the Admiralty) 1689 - 1690
Thomas Herbert, 8th Earl of Pembroke (First Lord of the Admiralty) 1690 - 1692
Charles Cornwallis, 3rd Lord Cornwallis of Eye (First Lord of the Admiralty) 1692 - 1693
Anthony Carey, 5th Viscount of Falkland (First Lord of the Admiralty) 1693 - 1694
Edward Russell, 1st Earl of Orford (First Lord of the Admiralty) 1694 - 1699
John Egerton, 3rd Earl of Bridgwater (First Lord of the Admiralty) 1699 - 1701
Thomas Herbert, 8th Earl of Pembroke(Lord High Admiral) 1701 - 1702
Prince George of Denmark (Lord High Admiral) 1702 - 1708
Queen Anne (Lord High Admiral) 1708
Thomas Herbert, 8th Earl of Pembroke (Lord High Admiral) 1708 - 1709

First Lords of the Admiralty, 1709-1964
Edward Russell, 1st Earl of Orford 1709 - 1710
Sir John Leake 1710 - 1712
Thomas Wentworth, 1st Earl of Strafford 1712 - 1714
Edward Russell, 1st Earl of Orford 1714 - 1717
James Berkeley, 3rd Earl of Berkeley 1717 - 1727
George Byng, 1st Viscount Torrington 1727 - 1733
Sir Charles Wager 1733 - 1742
Daniel Finch, 8th Earl of Winchilsea 1742 - 1744
John Russell, 4th Duke of Bedford 1744 - 1748
John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich 1748 - 1751
George Anson, 1st Baron Anson 1751 - 1756
Richard Grenville-Temple, 2nd Earl Temple 1756 - 1757
Daniel Finch, 8th Earl of Winchilsea 1757
George Anson, 1st Baron Anson 1757 - 1762
George Montague-Dunk, 2nd Earl of Halifax 1762
George Grenville 1762-1763
John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich 1763
John Perceval, 2nd Earl of Egmont 1763 - 1766
Sir Charles Saunders 1766
Sir Edward Hawke 1766 - 1771
John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich 1771 - 1782
Augustus Keppel, 1st Viscount Keppel 1782 - 1783
Richard Howe, 4th Viscount Howe 1783
Augustus Keppel, 1st Viscount Keppel 1783
Richard Howe, 4th Viscount Howe 1783 - 1788
John Pitt, 2nd Earl of Chatham 1788 - 1794
George John Spencer, 2nd Earl Spencer 1794 - 1801
John Jervis, 1st Earl of St Vincent 1801 - 1804
Henry Dundas, 1st Viscount Melville 1804 - 1805
Charles Middleton, 1st Baron Barham 1805 - 1806
Charles Grey, Viscount Howick 1806
Thomas Grenville 1806 - 1807
Henry Phipps, 3rd Baron Mulgrave 1807 - 1810
Charles Philip Yorke 1810 - 1812
Robert Dundas, 2nd Viscount Melville 1812 - 1827
HRH The Duke of Clarence (Lord High Admiral) 1827 - 1828
Robert Dundas, 2nd Viscount Melville 1828 - 1830
Sir James Graham 1830 - 1834
George Eden, 2nd Baron Auckland 1834
Thomas Robinson, 2nd Earl de Grey 1834 - 1835
George Eden, 2nd Baron Auckland 1835
Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 2nd Earl of Minto 1835 - 1841
Thomas Hamilton, 9th Earl of Haddington 1841 - 1846
Edward Law, 1st Earl of Ellenborough 1846
George Eden, 1st Earl of Auckland 1846 - 1849
Sir Francis Thornhill Baring 1849 - 1852
Algernon Percy, 4th Duke of Northumberland 1852
Sir James Graham 1852 - 1855
Sir Charles Wood 1855 - 1858
Sir John Pakington 1858 - 1859
Edward Adolphus Seymour, 12th Duke of Somerset 1859 - 1866
Sir John Pakington 1866 - 1867
Henry Thomas Lowry Corry 1867 - 1868
Hugh Childers 1868 - 1871
George Joachim Goschen 1871 - 1874
George Ward Hunt 1874 - 1877
William Henry Smith 1877 - 1880
Thomas George Baring, 1st Earl of Northbrook 1880 - 1885
Lord George Hamilton 1885 - 1886
George Robinson, 1st Marquess of Ripon 1886
Lord George Hamilton 1886 - 1892
John Poyntz Spencer, 5th Earl Spencer 1892 - 1895
George Joachim Goschen 1895 - 1900
William Waldegrave Palmer, 2nd Earl of Selborne 1900 - 1905
Frederick Archibald Vaughan Campbell, 3rd Earl Cawdor 1905
Edward Marjoribanks, 2nd Baron Tweedmouth 1905 - 1908
Reginald McKenna 1908 - 1911
Winston Churchill 1911 - 1915
Arthur Balfour 1915 - 1916
Sir Edward Carson 1916 - 1917
Sir Eric Geddes 1917 - 1919
Walter Hume Long 1919 - 1921
Arthur Hamilton Lee, 1st Baron Lee of Fareham 1921 - 1922
Leo Amery 1922 - 1924
Frederic John Napier Thesiger, 1st Viscount Chelmsford 1924
William Clive Bridgeman 1924 - 1929
A. V. Alexander 1929 - 1931
Sir Austen Chamberlain 1931
Bolton Eyres-Monsell, 1st Viscount Monsell 1931 - 1936
Sir Samuel Hoare 1936 - 1937
Alfred Duff Cooper 1937 - 1938
James Richard Stanhope, 7th Earl Stanhope 1938 - 1939
Winston Churchill 1939 - 1940
A. V. Alexander 1940 - 1945
Brendan Bracken 1945
A. V. Alexander 1945 - 1946
George Hall, 1st Viscount Hall 1946 - 1951
Francis Aungier Pakenham, 1st Baron Pakenham 1951
James Thomas, 1st Viscount Cilcennan (1955) 1951 - 1956
Quintin McGarel Hogg, 2nd Viscount Hailsham 1956 - 1957
George Douglas-Hamilton, 10th Earl of Selkirk 1957 - 1959
Peter Carington, 6th Baron Carrington, 1959-1963
George Jellicoe, 2nd Earl Jellicoe 1963-1964

Admirals of the Fleet, 1795-1827
Richard Howe, 1st Earl Howe 1795-1799
Sir Peter Parker 1799-1811
Prince William, Duke of Clarence 1811-1827

First Sea Lords, 1828-Present
Sir George Cockburn 1828-1830
Sir Thomas Hardy 1830-1834
The Hon. George Heneage Dundas 1834
Sir Charles Adam 1834
Sir George Cockburn 1834-1835
Sir Charles Adam 1835-1841
Sir George Cockburn 1841-1846
Sir William Parker 1846
Sir Charles Adam 1846-1847
Sir James Dundas 1847-1852
The Hon. Maurice Fitzhardinge Berkeley 1852
Hyde Parker 1852-1854
The Hon. Maurice Fitzhardinge Berkeley 1854-1857
Sir Richard Dundas 1857-1858
William Martin 1858-1859
Sir Richard Dundas 1859-1861
Sir Frederick Grey 1861-1866
Sir Alexander Milne 1866-1868
Sir Sydney Dacres 1868-1872
Sir Alexander Milne 1872-1876
Sir Hastings Yelverston 1876-1877
Sir George Wellesley 1877-1879
Sir Astley Cooper Key 1879-1885
Sir Arthur Hood 1885-1886
Lord John Hay 1886
Sir Arthur Hood 1886-1889
Sir Vesey Hamilton 1889-1891
Sir Anthony Hoskins 1891-1893
Sir Frederick Richards 1893-1899
Lord Walter Kerr 1899-1904
Sir John Fisher 1904-1910
Sir Arthur Wilson 1910-1911
Sir Francis Bridgeman 1911-1912
Prince Louis of Battenberg 1912-1914
John Fisher, 1st Baron Fisher 1914-1915
Sir Henry Jackson 1915-1916
Sir John Jellicoe 1916-1917
Sir Rosslyn Wemyss 1917-1919
David Beatty, 1st Earl Beatty 1919-1927
Sir Charles Madden 1927-1930
Sir Frederick Field 1930-1933
Ernle Chatfield, 1st Baron Chatfield 1933-1938
Sir Roger Backhouse 1938-1939
Sir Dudley Pound 1939-1943
Andrew Cunningham, 1st Baron Cunningham of Hyndhope 1943-1946
Sir John Cunningham 1946-1948
Sir Bruce Fraser 1948-1951
Sir Rhoderick McGrigor 1951-1955
Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma 1955-1959
Sir Charles Lambe 1959-1960
Sir Caspar John 1960-1963
Sir David Luce 1963-1966
Sir Varyl Begg 1966-1968
Sir Michael Lefanu 1968-1970
Sir Peter Hill-Norton 1970-1971
Sir Michael Pollock 1971-1974
Sir Edward Ashmore 1974-1977
Sir Terence Lewin 1977-1979
Sir Henry Leach 1979-1982
Sir John Fieldhouse 1982-1985
Sir William Staveley 1985-1989
Sir Julian Oswald 1989-1993
Sir Benjamin Bathurst 1993-1995
Sir Jock Slater 1995-1998
Sir Michael Boyce 1998-2001
Sir Nigel Essenhigh 2001-2002
Sir Alan West 2002-present Category:Royal Navy*

**Gaden Gogi** · 21-10-2004, 13:02

Добавка за Кънингам:

Admiral of the Fleet Viscount Cunningham of Hyndhope 1883-1963

The most famous British admiral during the Second World War Andrew B. Cunningham, or ABC as he was known in the navy, had a superb fighting record in the early war years and served as First Sea Lord between 1943 – 1946.

Entering the navy as a cadet aboard the training ship HMS Britannia in 1897, Cunningham fought in the Naval Brigade during the South African War of 1899-1902. He commanded a destroyer during the First World War and spent much of his time in destroyers in the inter-war period when he acquired a reputation as an expert ship-handler.

In the 1930s Cunningham served mostly in the Mediterranean and in June 1939 became Commander-in-Chief, Mediterranean Fleet, the navy’s most prestigious fleet command. Bored by staff work, Cunningham had a Nelsonian instinct to close and destroy the enemy at every opportunity.

Cunningham’s forces were substantially reinforced in mid 1940 after the fall of France and Italy’s declaration of war and he successfully negotiated an agreement with Admiral Godfroy to demilitarise the French squadron in Alexandria harbour. Almost immediately Cunningham’s offensive spirit was brought to bear on the enemy; at the Battle of Calabria on 9 July aboard his flagship Warspite Cunningham chased the Italian Fleet to within 40 kilometres of the Italian coast. He gave his enthusiastic backing to an aircraft attack against Taranto harbour in November when one Italian battleship was sunk and two seriously damaged. In March 1941 at the Battle of Cape Matapan Cunningham’s battlefleet again pursued the Italians and sank three heavy cruisers in a memorable night time action.

The most difficult situation faced by Cunningham was the evacuation of troops from Greece and the island of Crete in the face of German invasions in April and May 1941. Without air cover Cunningham’s fleet suffered serious losses but responded magnificently to his call that the ‘Navy must not let the army down.’ Out of 22,000 troops on Crete 16,500 were rescued but three cruisers and six destroyers were sunk and a further 15 major warships damaged.

In April 1942 Cunningham was appointed to head the naval staff mission to Washington and proved an ideal opposite number to the equally blunt American, Admiral Ernest King. Given command of the Allied Expeditionary Force in mid 1942 for the invasion of North Africa he successfully directed the November landings from his headquarters in Gibraltar and began a long friendship with General Eisenhower.

February 1943 saw Cunningham return to his post as Commander-in-Chief, Mediterranean Fleet. When Axis forces in North Africa were on the verge of surrender three months later he ordered that none should be allowed to escape; entirely in keeping with his fiery character he signalled the fleet ‘Sink, burn and destroy: Let nothing pass’.
He oversaw the landings on the island of Sicily in July 1943 and in Italy in September which knocked Italy out of the war. On 10 September he was present at Malta to witness the surrender of the Italian fleet, ending a three year struggle for control of the Mediterranean.

On 16 October 1943 Cunningham succeeded Admiral Dudley Pound as First Sea Lord. As a member of the Chiefs of Staff committee Cunningham was responsible for overall strategic direction of the navy for the remainder of the war. He attended the major conferences at Cairo, Tehran, Quebec, Yalta and Postdam at which the Allies discussed future strategy including the invasion of Normandy and the deployment of a British fleet to the Pacific. Cunningham served as First Sea Lord until his retirement in 1946.

**Gaden Gogi** · 22-10-2004, 15:30

Толкова интересни неща прочетох в последно време. Ето още една биография:
George Anson, 1st Baron Anson

George Anson, 1st Baron Anson (April 23, 1697 - 1762) was a British admiral and a wealthy aristocrat, noted for his circumnavigation of the globe.

George's father was of William Anson of Shugborough in Staffordshire, and his wife Isabella Carrier, who was the sister-in-law of Thomas Parker, 1st Earl of Macclesfield, the Lord Chancellor, a relationship that proved very useful to the future admiral.

George Anson entered the navy in February 1712, and by rapid steps became lieutenant in 1716, commander in 1722, and post-captain in 1724. In this rank, he served twice on the North American station as captain of the HMS Scarborough and of Squirrel from 1724 to 1730 and from 1733 to 1735. In 1737 he gained the command of the sixty-gun vessel Centurion. In 1740, on the eve of War of Austrian Succession (1740 - 1748), he became commander (with the rank of commodore) of the squadron sent to attack Spanish possessions in South America.

The expedition failed to carry out its original ambitious scheme. Anson’s ill-equipped squadron that sailed later than intended, consisted of six warships: Centurion, 60, Gloucester, 50, Severn, 50, Pearl, 40, Wager, 28, and the sloop Tryal, plus two store ships Anna and Industry. Successive disasters eventually reduced his force to just his flagship the Centurion. The lateness of the season forced him to round Cape Horn in very stormy weather, and the navigating instruments of the time did not allow of exact observations.

Two of his vessels, the Pearl and the Severn, failed to round the Horn and returned home. Another vessel, the Wager, suffered shipwreck off the coast of Chile. By the time Anson reached the island of Juan Fernandez in June 1741, only three of his six ships remained, while the strength of his crews had fallen from 961 to 335. In the absence of any effective Spanish force on the coast, he was able to harass the enemy and to sack the small port city of Paita in Peru (13 - 15 November 1741). The steady decrease of his crew by sickness, and the worn-out state of his remaining consorts, compelled him to collect all the remaining survivors in the Centurion. He rested at the island of Tinian, and then made his way to Macao in November 1742. After considerable difficulties with the Chinese, he sailed again with his one remaining vessel to cruise in search of one of the richly laden galleons that conducted the trade between Mexico and the Philippines. The indomitable perseverance he had shown during one of the most arduous voyages the history of sea adventure gained the reward of the capture of an immensely rich prize, the Nuestra Se&ntilde;ora de Covadonga, which he encountered off Cape Espiritu Santo on June 20, 1743. Anson took his prize back to Macao, sold her cargo to the Chinese, and sailed for England, which he reached via the Cape of Good Hope on 15 June 1744. The prize money earned by the capture of the galleon had made him a rich man for life.

In 1747, Anson won the Battle of Cape Finisterre. In consequence, he became very popular and was appointed Baron Anson of Soverton.

Anson subsequently continued his naval career with distinction as an administrator, becoming First Lord of the Admiralty (1757 - 1762).

А този дори е адаш.

**Gaden Gogi** · 22-10-2004, 15:37

Richard Howe, 1st Earl Howe

Richard Howe, 1st Earl Howe (March 8, 1726 - August 5, 1799) was a British admiral.

He was born in London, the second son of Emmanuel Scrope Howe, 2nd Viscount Howe, who died governor of Barbados in March 1735, and of Mary Sophia Charlotte, a daughter of Baroness Kilmansegge, afterwards Countess of Darlington, the mistress of King George I--a relationship which does much to explain his early rise in the navy. Richard Howe entered the navy in the “Severn,” one of the squadron sent into the south seas with George Anson in 1740. The "Severn" failed to round the Horn and returned home. Howe next served in the West Indies in the "Burford," and was present in her when she was very severely damaged in the unsuccessful attack on La Guayra on February 18, 1742. He was made acting-lieutenant in the West Indies in the same year, and the rank was confirmed in 1744.

During the Jacobite Rebellion of 1745 he commanded the "Baltimore" sloop in the North Sea, and was dangerously wounded in the head while co-operating with a frigate in an engagement with two strong French privateers. In 1746 he became post-captain, and commanded the "Triton" (24) in the West Indies. As captain of the "Cornwall" (80), the flagship of Sir Charles Knowles, he was in the battle with the Spaniards off Havana on October 2, 1748. While the peace between the War of the Austrian Succession and the Seven Years' War lasted, Howe held commands at home and on the west coast of Africa. In 1755 he went with Edward Boscawen to North America as captain of the "Dunkirk" (60), and his seizure of the French "Alcide" (64) was the first shot fired in the war. From this date till the peace of 1763 he served in the Channel in various more or less futile expeditions against the coast of France, with a steady increase of reputation as a firm and skilful officer. On November 20 1759 he led Hawke's fleet as captain of the "Magnanime" (64) in the magnificent victory of Quiberon.

As a result of the death of his elder brother, killed near Ticonderoga on the July 6, 1758, he became Viscount Howe--an Irish peerage. In 1762 he was elected M.P. for Dartmouth, and held the seat till he received a title of Great Britain. During 1763 and 1765 he was a member of the Admiralty board, and from 1765 to 1770 was treasurer of the navy. In that year he was promoted rear-admiral, and in 1775 vice-admiral. In 1776 he was appointed to the command of the North American station. The rebellion of the colonies was making rapid progress, and Howe was known to be in sympathy with the colonists. He had sought the acquaintance of Benjamin Franklin, who was a friend of his sister Miss Howe, a clever eccentric woman well known in London society, and had already tried to act as a peacemaker. It was doubtless because of his known sentiments that he was selected to command in America, and was joined in commission with his brother Sir William Howe, the general at the head of the land forces, to make a conciliatory arrangement. A committee appointed by the Continental Congress conferred with the Howes in September 1776 but nothing was accomplished. The appointment of a new peace commission in 1778 offended the admiral deeply, and he sent in a resignation of his command. It was reluctantly accepted by Lord Sandwich, then First Lord, but before it could take effect France declared war, and a powerful French squadron was sent to America under the Comte d'Estaing. Being greatly outnumbered, Howe had to stand on the defensive, but he baffled the French admiral at Sandy Hook, and defeated his attempt to take Newport in Rhode Island by a fine combination of caution and calculated daring. On the arrival of Admiral John Byron from England with reinforcements, Howe left the station in September. Until the fall of Lord North's ministry in 1782 he refused to serve, assigning as his reason that he could not trust Lord Sandwich. He considered that he had not been properly supported in America, and was embittered both by the supersession of himself and his brother as peace commissioners, and by attacks made on him by the ministerial writers in the press.

On the change of ministry in March 1782 he was selected to command in the Channel, and in the autumn of that year, September, October and November, he carried out the final relief of Gibraltar, It was a difficult operation, for tihe French and Spaniards had in all 46 line-of-battle ships to his 33, and in the exhausted state of the country it was impossible to fit his ships properly or to supply them with good crews. He was, moreover, hampered by a great convoy carrying stores. But Howe was eminent in the handling of a great multitude of ships, the enemy was awkward and unenterprising, and the operation was brilliantly carried out. From January 28 to April 16, 1783 he was First Lord of the Admiralty, and he held that post from December 1783 till August 1788, in Pitt's first ministry. The task was no pleasant one, for he had to agree to economies where he considered that more outlay was needed, and he had to disappoint the hopes of the many officers who were left unemployed by the peace. On the outbreak of the Revolutionary war in 1793 he was again named to the command of the Channel fleet. His services in 1704 form the most glorious period of his life, for in it he won the epoch-making victory of the "Glorious" 1st of June. Though Howe was now nearly seventy, and had been trained in the old school, he displayed an originality not usual with veterans, and not excelled by any of his successors in the war, not even by Nelson, since they had his example to follow and were served by more highly trained squadrons than his. He continued to hold the nominal command by the wish of the king. but his active service was now over. In 1797 he was called on to pacify the mutineers at Spithead, and his great influence with the seamen who trusted him was conspicuously shown.

He was buried in his family vault at Langar. His monument by John Flaxman is in St Paul's Cathedral. In 1782 he was created Viscount Howe of Langar, and in 1788 Baron and Earl Howe. In June 1797 he was made a Knight of the Garter. With the sailors he was always popular, though he was no popularity hunter, for they knew him to be just. His nickname of "Black Dick" was given on account of his swarthy complexion, and the well-known portrait by Gainsborough shows that it was apt.

Lord Howe married, on March 10, 1758, Mary Hariop, the daughter of Colonel Chiverton Hartop of Welby in Leicestershire, and had issue two daughters, His Irish title descended to his brother William, the general, who died childless in 1814. The earldom, and the viscountcy of the United Kingdom, being limited to heirs male, became extinct, but the barony passed to his daughter, Sophia Charlotte (1762-1835), who married the Hon. Penn Assheton Curzon. Their son, Richard William Curzon (1796-1870), who succeeded his paternal grandfather as Viscount Curzon in 1820, was created Earl Howe in 1821; he was succeeded by his son, George Augustus (1821-1876), and then by another son, Richard William (1822-1900), whose son Richard George Penn Curzon-Howe (b. 1861) became 4th Earl Howe in 1900.

The standard Life is by Sir John Barrow (1838). Interesting reminiscences will be found in the Life of Codringlon, by Lady Bourchier. Accounts of his professional services are in Charnock's Biographia Navalis, v. 457, and in Rail's Naval Biographies, i. 83. See also Beatson's Naval and Military Annals, James's Naval History, and Chevalier's Histoire de la Marine fran&ccedil;aise, vols. i. and ii.

Чудя се дали да предложа на Одзава да направи раздел за месо във Вимпел.

**Gaden Gogi** · 22-10-2004, 17:44

Имах доброто желание да се възползувам от софтуер за превод, ам резултатът беше тооолкова ужасен че по-лесно ще го раберете на английски.
Robert Blake

In politics
In 1640 Blake was elected as the Member of Parliament for Bridgwater in the Short Parliament. When the English Civil War broke out during the period of the Long Parliament, and having failed to be re-elected, Blake began his military career on the side of the parliamentarians despite having no substantial experience of military or naval matters.

He would later return to serve in the Barebones Parliament of 1653 for some months when recovering from an injury sustained in the Battle of Portland, before returning to sea.

[edit]
On land
Blake's most famous exploits on land were at the Siege of Bristol (July 1643), Siege of Lyme (April 1644), Siege of Taunton (1645) and the Siege of Dunster (November 1645). At least at Dunster he was the besieger. At Taunton he famously declared that he had four pairs of boots and would eat three pairs before he would surrender.

[edit]
At sea
Blake was appointed General at Sea (a rank corresponding to Admiral) in 1649. He's often referred to as the "Father of the British Navy". As well as being largely responsible for building the largest navy the country had then ever known, from a few tens of ships to well over a hundred, he was first to keep a fleet at sea over the winter. He developed new techniques to conduct blockades and landings; his "Sailing instructions" and "Fighting Instructions", major overhauls of naval tactics, written while recovering from injury in 1653 were the foundation of English naval tactics in the age of sail. He was also the first to repeatedly successfully attack despite fire from shore forts.

[edit]
English Civil War
On January 11 1649 Prince Rupert of the Rhine lead 8 undermanned ships to Kinsale in Ireland in an attempt to prevent the Parliamentarians taking Ireland from the Royalists. Blake blockaded Rupert's fleet in Kinsale from May 22, allowing Oliver Cromwell to land at Dublin on August 15. Blake was driven off by a storm in October and Rupert escaped via Spain to Lisbon, where Rupert had expanded his fleet to 13 ships. Blake put to sea with 12 ships in February 1650 and dropped anchor off Lisbon in an attempt to persuade the Portuguese king to expel Rupert. After 2 months the king decided to back Rupert. Blake was joined by another 4 warships commanded by Popham, who brought authority to go to war with Portugal.

Rupert twice failed to break the blockade, which was finally raised after Blake sailed for C&aacute;diz with 7 ships he captured as a result of a three-hour engagement with 23 ships of the Portuguese fleet, during which the Portuguese Vice-Admiral was also sunk. Blake re-engaged with Rupert, now with 6 ships, on November 3 near M&aacute;laga, capturing 1 ship. Two days later the other of Rupert's ships in the area were driven ashore attempting to escape from Cartagena, securing Parliamentarian supremacy at sea, and the recognition of the Parliamentary government by many European states. Parliament voted Blake 1000 pounds by way of thanks in February 1651. Later the same year Blake captured the Isles of Scilly, for which he again received Parliament's thanks. Soon after he was made a member of the Council of State.

Thanks to its command of the sea, the fleet was able to supply Cromwell's army with provisions as it successfully marched on Scotland. By the end of 1652 the various English colonies in the Americas had also been secured.

[edit]
First Anglo-Dutch War
Blake's next adventures were during the First Anglo-Dutch War. The war started prematurely with a skirmish between the Dutch fleet of Maarten Tromp and Blake off Folkestone on 29 May 1652, the Battle of Goodwin Sands. The war proper started in June with an English campaign against the Dutch East Indies, Baltic and fishing trades by Blake, in command of around 60 ships. On 5 Octobre 1652 Dutch Vice-Admiral Witte Corneliszoon de With, underestimating the strength of the English, attempted to attack Blake, but due to the weather it was Blake who attacked on 8 October 1652 in Battle of the Kentish Knock sending de With back to the Netherlands in defeat. The English government seemed to think that the war was over and sent ships away to the Mediterranean. Blake had only 42 warships when he was attacked and decisively defeated by 88 Dutch ships under Tromp on 9 December 1652 in the Battle of Dungeness, losing control of the English Channel to the Dutch. Meanwhile the ships sent away had also been defeated in the Battle of Leghorn.

Following a major reorganisation of the navy, Blake sailed with around 75 ships to disrupt Channel shipping, engaging Tromp with a similar sized fleet in the Battle of Portland from 28 February to 2 March 1653 when Tromp escaped with his convoy under cover of darkness.

At the Battle of the Gabbard on 12 June and 13 June 1653, Blake reinforced the ships of Generals Richard Deane and George Monck and decisively defeated the Dutch fleet, sinking or capturing thirty ships without losing one. The Channel was at last returned to English control, and the Dutch fleet was blockaded in various ports until finally losing at the Battle of Scheveningen, where Tromp was killed.

Peace with the Dutch achieved, Blake sailed in October 1654 with 24 warships to the Mediterranean, successfully deterring the Duke of Guise from conquering Naples.

[edit]
Bey of Tunis
In April 1655 Blake was sent to the Mediterranean again to extract compensation from the piratical states that had been attacking English shipping. The Bey of Tunis alone refused compensation, and with 15 ships Blake destroyed the his 2 shore batteries and 9 Algerian ships in Porto Farina, the first time shore batteries had been taken out without landing men ashore.

[edit]
Anglo-Spanish War
In February 1656, commercial rivalry with Spain was soon turned to war. In the Anglo-Spanish War Blake blockaded C&aacute;diz, during which one of his captains, Richard Stayner destroyed most of the Spanish Plate Fleet. A galleon of treasure was captured, and the overall loss to Spain was estimated at &pound;2,000,000. Blake maintained the blockade throughout the winter, the first time the fleet had stayed at sea over winter.

In 1657, Blake won against the Spanish West Indian Fleet over the English seizure of Jamaica in the West Indies. On April 20 that year, Blake totally destroyed a Spanish silver fleet of 16 ships at Santa Cruz Bay, Tenerife for the loss of one ship, and despite being under fire from shore batteries and attacking and withdrawing on the tide, an action for which Blake was given an expensive diamond ring by Cromwell, and which would earn him respect 140 years later from Lord Nelson who lost his arm there in a failed attack.

[edit]
Death
After again cruising off Cadiz for a while, Blake turned for home but died of old wounds within sight of Portsmouth and, after lying in state, he was buried in Westminster Abbey in the presence of Oliver Cromwell and the members of the Council of State (although his internal organs had earlier been buried at St Andrew's Church, Plymouth). After the restoration of the Monarchy at the end of the English Civil War his body was exhumed and dumped in a common grave on the orders of the new king, Charles II.

[edit]
Relatives
Blake's brother Benjamin Blake (1614–1689) served under Robert, emigrated to Carolina in 1682, and was the father of Joseph Blake, governor of South Carolina in 1694 and from 1696 to 1700.

Blake's brother Samual Blake fought under Popham before being killed in a duel in 1645.

[edit]
Ships
A series of ships in the Royal Navy have carried the name HMS Blake in honour of the Admiral. The bell of the last HMS Blake, scrapped in 1982, is on display in Saint Mary's Church, Bridgwater

**De Ruyeter** · 22-10-2004, 18:01

Гоги, трябва да отдадем нужното и на другите велики нации.Ако искаш точно в 17в е мястото на холандските адмирали да бъдат споменати

**Gaden Gogi** · 22-10-2004, 18:15

Че напиши си за тях като искаш.

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