"New York Times" и Балканските войни

[Moesia]

снимка от - http://www.boiniznamena.com/

Моля никой да не пише в темата.

Тъй като архива на "New York Times" е достъпен и като мой малък принос в чест и памет на годишнината от Балканските войни, смятам да извадя всички статии свързани с войните. Мисля, че така нещата ще са доста по-прегледни.

Да се вземе предвид смяната на календарите. По данни от Уикипедиа:
Балканската война продължава от 26 септември (9 октомври по нов стил) 1912 до 17 (30) май 1913 - т.е. +13 дни

- В разгледаните статии към 4 октомври вече на няколко места е посочено, че България ще участва във войната с най-голяма войска сред съюзниците. Може би журналистическо преувеличаване, но тя е определена и като "the most formidable State in the Balkan league".
- До започване на военните действия през октомври, неизменна част от анализите по бъдещата война е и въпросът за мира между Италия и Турция. Във връзка с това френския писател Pierre Loti казва: "The people of the Balkan States are cowards and have taken advantage of the war with Italy to attack Turkey, but her people are patriots and will fight to the last cartouche. The Turkish soldiers do not wear smart uniforms, and perhaps do not bathe so often as those of other nations, but when it comes to fighting there are no braver men on earth."
- Великите сили са твърдо против териториални претенции от страна на балканските държави. Все пак те подкрепят нуждата от реформи в отношението на Портата към християнското население.

[Moesia]

Статии в .pdf формат за септември 1912 -> тук <-

4 Септември 1912 (дата на публикуване)

BULGARIANS WANT TO FIGHT
If the Powers Do Not Aid Macedonia War with Turkey is Likely. Special cable to The New York Times.

London, Wednesday, Sept. 4. - A telegram to The Daily Mail from Sofia says:
Unless the powers succeed without delay in securing self administration for Macedonia, even the present Bulgarian Government will become convinced of the necessity for war with Turkey. The Cabinet, its supporters, and a few Socialists are the only people opposed to an immediate campaign.
Autonomy is the one form of government possible in Macedonia. Turkey will concede autonomy only under compulsion. Either the powers must exert that compulsion or Bulgaria must be allowed to exert it.
This presents the true altitude of Bulgaria at the present moment.
Teh Times's Vienna correspondent says: " A note, not indeed of alarm, but of disquietude, continues to be struck by all trustworthy reports on the Balkan outlook. Bellicose agitation in Bulgaria persists and is causing some doubt whether the Cabinet will be able indefinitely to resist it.
The Bulgarian desire that some guarantee be established for the better treatment of the Macedonian Christians is insistent. As in natural, it is belived to find a sympathetic echo in Russia, however much the Russian Government may urge upon Bulgaria the expediency of keeping the peace.
The Times prints a dispatch from a correspondent who visited Berano, a village a few miles from the Montenegro border, the scene of recent Turkish atrocities.
"Djavid Pasha told me," says the correspondent, "that now, as always, the Turkish Government acts with justice and goodness, that peace reigns everywhere, and that no Moslems are premitted to possess weapons.
I next heard from Chistians piteous tales of sufferint and barbarism. Three unarmed men were dragged from a house and shot without trial by Nizams, who then sacked the Christian quarter. A woman of 70 was beaton with rifles and shut, bleeding, in a filthy outbuilding.
Many villages were completely annihilated, and even orchards were burned up. Very many people are destitute. The whole appears to be a violent attempt to exterminate the Christian population. A state of siege has been proclaimed.
One wounded woman in the hospital says the Nizams ordered her to leave her home and fired at her as she was running out. Seventeen women and children were butchered.

[Moesia]

6 септември 1912

TURKS' FOES MAY COMBINE
Bulgaria, Servia, and Greece Reported to be Contemplating War

London, Friday, Sept. 6 - The Times's St. Petersburg correspondent says the Bourse yesterday was affected by war rumors.
It is alleged that Bulgaria, Servia and Greece are seriously contemplating combined operations against Turkey

[Moesia]

12 Септември 1912

A BULGARIAN ULTIMATUM
War with Turkey Unless Autonomy in Macedonia Is Garanted

Berlin, Sept. 11.- Bulgaria's appeal to the powers for autonomy in Macedonia was coupled, according to a dispatch to the Frankfurter Zeitung from Sofia, with the declaration that this request was final, and that the Macedonian situation failing of a peaceful solution, Bulgaria must resort to arms.

[Moesia]

13 септември 1912

POWERS WARN BULGARIA.
She Won't Get Any More Territory Even if She Beats Turkey.

CONSTANTINOPLE, Sept. 12 - It is asserted here that, the powers have counseled Bulgaria to exercise prudence and moderation in the present trouble with Turkey.
They have pointed out that in the event of war neither belligerent would be permitted to reap the fruits of victory in the shape of territorial acquisition.

[Moesia]

21 септември 1912

FOUR UNITE AGAINST TURKEY.
Quadruple Alliance of Balkan Powers Is Reported.

LONDON, Saturday, Sept. 21.- A dispatch from Vienna to The Daily Chronicle reports the existence of a quadruple military alliance between Bulgaria, Servia, Greece, and Montenegro, which, the correspondent says, is an offensive combination, dangerous to the peace of the Balkans.

[Moesia]

23 септември 1912

BULGARIA CLAMORS FOR WAR ON TURKEY

Army Is Taking Active Measures and Reserves Will Be Held for Emergendy.

ORATORS ROUSE THE PEOPLE

Now Is Bulgaria’s Opportunity, They Say – Expect the Aid of Greece and Servia.

St. Petersburg, Sept. 22. – An investigation of conditions in Bulgaria discloses a unanimity of sentiment that that country is on the eve of a long-cherished war against Turkey. Unless the conferences which M. Sazonoff, the Russian Foreign Minister, is having in London with British statesmen are fruitful for Macedonia the war party is likely to gain the upper hand.
The army is already taking active measures. The railroad tracks are guarded throughout their whole extent, detachments are stationed at the bridges, and requisition commissions are canvassing the frontier towns.
The bakers and flour dealers have been summoned before the authorities, the rice growers of Thrace have been ordered to use the utmost expedition in gathering their crops, and the export of cattle to Turkey has been stopped.
The manoeuvres at Shumla will be carried out by 60,000 troops, but it has been decided to dispatch no more troops to that district. It is doubtful if the reserves will be disbanded
Theserious situation is reflected in business, and foreign branch banks have suspended credit.
The pacific policy of King Ferdinand is now challenged by a systematic campaign for war. The massacre of 132 Bulgarians by Turks in August at Kotschana stirred the nation deeply, and meetings have been hold in all parts of Bulgaria, at which Turkey has been fiercely denounced. Processions of mourning with flage draped in crape (crepe) , have been held in Sofia. Orators have appealed to the nation to force the Government to bare the sword for the sacred cause.
The insurrection of the Albanian tribes has opened the eyes of Greece and Servia, and for the first time Bulgaria faces the Turkish problem in accord with those two countries.
More important, there is an earnest conviction that the present international situation offers the Bulgarians the best chances of success. They missed an excellent chance during the counter revolution at Constantinople in 1909. But the present opportunity is regarded as better by the Bulgarian leaders, because it is thought that Austria will now decline to move, owing to the internal relation of the Triple Alliance.
Although Russia declares that she is not prepared for war. It is believed in the Balkan States that she with Great Britain and France is now in a position to defend the Balkan Slavs.
Failure of King Ferdinand and his Ministers to induce the powers to insist on the adoption of autonomy in Macedonia, or an appeal to arms, will probably result in terrorist excesses, as the Macedonian leaders declare that they are convinced that only desperate measures will prove effective.

[Moesia]

26 Септември 1912

AUSTRIA AND THE NEAR EAST

The Austrian Government speaks in two voices as to the prospects in the Near East. The Foreign Minister, Count von Berchtold, speaks soothingly and with an air of confidence as to the agreement of the Powers in the proposals recently submitted by him to them; but he gives no clear idea of what the proposals were or by what means they were to be carried out. He pats the present Government of Turkey on the back and credits it with honorable intentions, but he does not say what Turkey has been asked to do, or whether it will or can do it. And he follows these ambiguous remarks with the following grave statement:
Diplomacy is keeping guard to prevent the threatened conflict and stifle a possible Balkan conflagration. Our geographical position places us near the area of disturbance, and the great interests of the monarchy are at stake. Only when we are armed by land and sea can we look to the future with easy minds.
It is to be noted that the Emperor, Francis Joseph, usually ready to say all that he can for peace, omits in his address to the delegations all reference to the prospect of peace. Meanwhile the Balkan States are in extraordinary ferment. Servia is importing arms and ammunition. Bulgaria is the scene of great excitement, and the Government is having the utmost difficulty in restraining the war feeling. Fighting is going on along the border of Turkey and Montenegro. The political societies in Crete and in Greece are agitating against Turkey. Turkey, on the other hand, seeming to be about to conclude terms with Italy, has ordered the mobilization of 50,000 troops for Autumn manoeuvres on the plains of Adrianople, and within striking distance of the southern frontier of Bulgaria. If the Powers hope to prevent some sort of a conflict, which it would be very hard to delimit, or to localize, they must act promptly and in concert.
We have nothing to show that they will act in full concert except the vague intimations of the Austrian Minister. We do gave, however, the formal assurance of Count von Berchtold and Herr von Bethmann-Hollweg, the German Minister, that at their recent meeting they had reached an agreement as to a policy which remains unknown to the public, and perhaps unknown to the other Powers. In these circumstances there is more meaning in Count Berchtold’s patriotic assertion that Austria can look with an easy mind to the future only when armed by land and sea than there is in his amiable and indeterminate expressions as to general harmony. If we assume that neither Turkey nor the Powers other than Germany find in the Austrian suggestion a ground on which they can unite, it is not an ureasonable inference that Austria, backed by Germany, may feel herself safe and justified in stepping in and trying to carry out any plan that she and Germany may find desirable. It is this possibility that most disturbs the European Chancelleries at the present moment. It is with regard to this that developments will be most eagerly and anxiously watched.

[Moesia]

26 септември 1912

EUROPE FRIGHTENED BY BALKAN MENACE

More Incidents Increase Gravity of Situation – Another Turkish-Bulgarian Fight.

WARLIKE MOVE BY TURKEY

50,000 Troops to Engage in Manoeuvres In Adrianople Vilayet – Porte May Desire War with Neighbor.

LONDON, Thursday, Sept. 26. – The crisis in the Balkans is causing great disquictude among diplomats here.
Incidents such as the arrest yesterday of Austrian soldiers on the Servian frontier and the firing by Turks on a Greek steamer at Samos are embittering the people of the States directly interested, and it will, it is thought, take all the ingenuity of the Foreign Offices and their representatives in Turkey to avert the Balkan outbreak so often predicted.
Turkey’s decision to hold military manoeuvres in the Vilayet of Adrianople, which the Bulgarians are considered as likely to look upon as a threat, leads to the belief that Turkey is not averse to a diversion which would allow peace to be signed with Italy under cover of the necessity for the protection of the Turkish frontiers.
The danger of the situation places it in the forefront of the conversations at Balmoral between King eGorge and Sergius Sazonoff, the Russian Foreign Minister. It is understood that Russia will propose the adoption of an Anglo-Russian scheme of reform for submission to the powers.

CONSTANTINOPLE, Sept. 25.—Apprehension has been aroused in diplomatic circles here by the decision of the Turkish Government to hold extensive army manoeuvres next month in the Vilayet of Adrianople. It is said that 50,000 troops are to be put into the field. It is thought that at the present juncture this action may furnish Bulgaria with a pretext to proceed with the mobilization of its army.
According to the view held in official circles the decision to hold the manoeuvres in Adrianople instead of provoking Bulgaria, is rather calculated to strengthen the interests of peace.
Representatives of the Powers in the course of conversations with the Turkish Foreign Minister recently have dwelt on the necessity for the introduction of reforms in the European provinces of Turkey. They have pointed out the desirability that Turkey act spontaneously in the matter.

[Moesia]

29 септември 1912

THE EUROPEAN CONCERT

If the report be confirmed that Turkey, at the suggestion of the Powers, has abandoned its intention to hold the Autumn manoeuvres of its army in the vilayet of Adrianople, near the southern boundaries of Bulgaria, it is an indication of a degree of harmony between the Powers of which there has lately seemed but little hope. It remains, however, in this case, to see what the Powers will, or can, do with Bulgaria. The Government of that country has shown a real desire to keep the peace, but it has been sorely pressed and tried by popular passion, which is hot against Turkey. If the latter Government has consented to give up its manoeuvres, it can hardly have done so without some substantial assurance that Bulgaria will duly be restrained.

This incident has another significance. It makes probable that Count von Berchtold’s recent proposals, which are known to have been acceptable to Germany, have received at least the tentative approval of the other Powers. In that case it is fairly likely that a conference will be held in the Spring to come to some definite understanding as to protection of Turkey on the one hand and its reform on the other. Such a conference would face, a situation of immense difficulty, but it would be at least a sign that the Powers understand that it is safer to face it than to let it drift into a hopelessly worse one.

[Moesia]

30 септември 1912

RUSSIA MOBILIZES ARMY OF 245,000

While Widespread Military Activity in the Balkans Spreads Alarm Among Powers.

WARNING TO TURKEY’S FOES

Intervention Is the Threat, but Bulgaria, Servia, Montenegro, and Greece Are Preparing for War.

Special Cable to THE NEW YORK TIMES.

LONDON, Monday, Sept. 30.— Although there is ground for believing that peace will be preserved, alarming reports are reaching London regarding the tension in the Balkans, where the war spirit is growing, and is accompanied by widespread military activity.
Russia has suddenly mobilized seven army corps, each about 35,000 strong, at Warsaw and the military centres of the Polish provinces. Although this is officially described as a "test" mobilization, this action has caused some alarm, inasmuch as no test mobilization has been carried out in Warsaw for a number of years.
Bulgaria has suspended the dismissal of her reservists until Oct. 14, and is alleged to be threatening Turkey with a general mobilization, if the Porte does not halt its military preparations.
Belgrade dispatches announce that Servia is quietly summoning the reserves and sending them to the frontier, while her Prime Minister has called upon Turkey to grant "home rule" to the Serb subjects of the Porte as the only means of avoiding a war.
Montenegro has been warned by the powers against showing a provocative attitude, but there is news of an attack by Montenegrin troops upon a Turkish force, in which the Turks lost thirty dead and thirty prisoners.
Greece has demanded satisfaction of Turkey in somewhat peremptory terms for the action of the Turkish troops in Samos in firing on a Greek steamer. The Turkish Government has promised an inquiry and expressed its regrets.
A Copenhagen telegram says that, in consequence of several urgent telegrams from the Greek Government concerning the difficulties of the Balkan situation. King George of Greece left Copenhagen to-night. To a personal friend before his departure the King said in conversation that the situation looked serious, but he expressed the hope that peace would be maintained.
A Constantinople newspaper publishes a telegram stating that a French cruiser on Saturday landed troops in Samos, where a revolution in miniature has been in progress, and disarmed the Turkish garrison.
Turkey, it is announced, is willing to abandon the concentration of troops in Adrianople, to which Bulgaria has taken exception, and will hold the divisional manoeuvres in various parts of Macedonia instead, but if Bulgaria mobilizes her troops the Turkish Army will immediately be placed on a war footing.
Reports from Berlin state that five Turkish divisions, of 10,000 men each, in Asia Minor are being called up.
Meanwhile from Sofia comes news that, amid the enthusiastic cheers of it's population, regiments of cavalry are entraining for Jamboli, on the southern frontier, where a great part of the Bulgarian cavalry is being concentrated.
Hopes that peace will be preserved are based upon the reported action of the great powers. Although Bulgaria, Servia, Montenegro, and Greece have apparently arrived at a common understanding against Turkey, it is announced that they have been warned that any attack by them on Turkey would sooner or later lead to intervention on the part of the powers, who would not allow them to profit by such an attack.
The Daily News correspondent at Constantinople telegraphs:
" The Russian Embassy is seriously alarmed and is using the utmost exertions to prevent the outbreak of war. The Russian Ambassador and the Councilor of the British Embassy had a long interview on Saturday with the Minister of Foreign Affairs, the Russian Ambassador endeavoring to persuade the Turks to change their programme and reassure the Bulgarians.
" King Ferdinand and his Ministers undoubtedly desire the maintenance of peace, but the Bulgarians are so excited that it would require but little to provoke a declaration of war."

[Moesia]

1 октомври 1912

GREECE, BULGARIA, SERVIA MOBILIZE

http://store3.data.bg/balkanwar/NYTimes/2-1912oct/1oct/1912%20Oct%201%20100550964.pdf

http://store3.data.bg/balkanwar/NYTimes/2-1912oct/1oct/1912%20Oct%201%20100550965.pdf

http://store3.data.bg/balkanwar/NYTimes/2-1912oct/1oct/1912%20Oct%201%20100550966.pdf

http://store3.data.bg/balkanwar/NYTimes/2-1912oct/1oct/1912%20Oct%201%20100550983.pdf

http://store3.data.bg/balkanwar/NYTimes/2-1912oct/1oct/1912%20Oct%201%20100550984.pdf

http://store3.data.bg/balkanwar/NYTimes/2-1912oct/1oct/1912%20Oct%201%20100550986.pdf

http://store3.data.bg/balkanwar/NYTimes/2-1912oct/1oct/1912%20Oct%201%20100550987.pdf

http://store3.data.bg/balkanwar/NYTimes/2-1912oct/1oct/1912%20Oct%201%20100550988.pdf

http://store3.data.bg/balkanwar/NYTimes/2-1912oct/1oct/1912%20Oct%201%20100550990.pdf

[Moesia]

2 октомври 1912

OTTOMAN ARMY TO BE MOBILIZED
Porte Refuses Servia's Demand and Servia Stops Ammunition Destined for Turkey.
TO DETAIN GREEK VESSELS
Turkey to Requisition Them - Greece Said to be About to Annex Crete.
KING FERDINAND TO LEAD
Chosen as Commander of the United Armies - Cretans Defy Powers and Say They Will Aid Greece

http://store3.data.bg/balkanwar/NYTimes/2-1912oct/2oct/1912%20Oct%202%20100377465.pdf

http://store3.data.bg/balkanwar/NYTimes/2-1912oct/2oct/1912%20Oct%202%20100377542.pdf

http://store3.data.bg/balkanwar/NYTimes/2-1912oct/2oct/1912%20Oct%202%20100377546.pdf

http://store3.data.bg/balkanwar/NYTimes/2-1912oct/2oct/1912%20Oct%202%20100377551.pdf

http://store3.data.bg/balkanwar/NYTimes/2-1912oct/2oct/1912%20Oct%202%20100377555.pdf

http://store3.data.bg/balkanwar/NYTimes/2-1912oct/2oct/1912%20Oct%202%20100377556.pdf

THE BALKAN WAR SCARE

http://store3.data.bg/balkanwar/NYTimes/2-1912oct/2oct/1912%20Oct%202%20100377623.pdf

[Moesia]

3 октомври 1912

ULTIMATUM TO TURKEY TO-DAY
But There May Be a Week's Respite - Porte Refuses Greece's Demand.
TO LOCALIZE HOSTILITIES.
Powers Have Not Yet Taken Joint Action, but Are Agreed on That Point.
GREECE BUY TORPEDO BOATS
30,000 Albanians Promise to Aid Turkey

http://store3.data.bg/balkanwar/NYTimes/2-1912oct/3oct/1912%20Oct%203%20100377797.pdf

http://store3.data.bg/balkanwar/NYTimes/2-1912oct/3oct/1912%20Oct%203%20100377798.pdf

HOW THE CRISIS ORIGINATED

http://store3.data.bg/balkanwar/NYTimes/2-1912oct/3oct/1912%20Oct%203%20100377817.pdf

http://store3.data.bg/balkanwar/NYTimes/2-1912oct/3oct/1912%20Oct%203%20100377818.pdf

http://store3.data.bg/balkanwar/NYTimes/2-1912oct/3oct/1912%20Oct%203%20100377819.pdf

http://store3.data.bg/balkanwar/NYTimes/2-1912oct/3oct/1912%20Oct%203%20100377821.pdf

http://store3.data.bg/balkanwar/NYTimes/2-1912oct/3oct/1912%20Oct%203%20100377823.pdf

ITALO-TURKISH PEACE NEAR

http://store3.data.bg/balkanwar/NYTimes/2-1912oct/3oct/1912%20Oct%203%20100377826.pdf

http://store3.data.bg/balkanwar/NYTimes/2-1912oct/3oct/1912%20Oct%203%20100377827.pdf

http://store3.data.bg/balkanwar/NYTimes/2-1912oct/3oct/1912%20Oct%203%20100377828.pdf

http://store3.data.bg/balkanwar/NYTimes/2-1912oct/3oct/1912%20Oct%203%20100377829.pdf

PIERRE LOTI SADDENED BY BALKAN NEWS

http://store3.data.bg/balkanwar/NYTimes/2-1912oct/3oct/1912%20Oct%203%20100377830.pdf

THE BALKAN FORCES

http://store3.data.bg/balkanwar/NYTimes/2-1912oct/3oct/1912%20Oct%203%20100377904.pdf

[Moesia]

4 октомври

WAR IS BEGUN IN THE BALKANS; BATTLE FOUGHT
Four Hundred Men Killed in Engagement Near Bulgarian Frontier.
TURKEY IS BEING INVADED
Bulgarian Army Crossing Border- Sharp Fight Between the Turks and Serbs.
EUROPE HAD BEEN HOPEFUL

http://store3.data.bg/balkanwar/NYTimes/2-1912oct/4oct/1912%20Oct%204%20100551217.pdf

http://store3.data.bg/balkanwar/NYTimes/2-1912oct/4oct/1912%20Oct%204%20100551218.pdf

http://store3.data.bg/balkanwar/NYTimes/2-1912oct/4oct/1912%20Oct%204%20100551219.pdf

http://store3.data.bg/balkanwar/NYTimes/2-1912oct/4oct/1912%20Oct%204%20100551220.pdf

http://store3.data.bg/balkanwar/NYTimes/2-1912oct/4oct/1912%20Oct%204%20100551240.pdf

...the Greek Consul General in New York, D.N. Botassi, sent out a call to his countrymen throughout the United States aged over 21 and under 40 to prepare to embark at once in order to join the Greek Army...

http://store3.data.bg/balkanwar/NYTimes/2-1912oct/4oct/1912%20Oct%204%20100551242.pdf

PEACE WITH ITALY

http://store3.data.bg/balkanwar/NYTimes/2-1912oct/4oct/1912%20Oct%204%20100551245.pdf

...The first is that Roumania is to mobilize her army by the desire of the great powers with a view to the maintenance of peace and to check any move on the part of Bulgaria...

http://store3.data.bg/balkanwar/NYTi...0100551246.pdf